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I-Sodium chloride
Umthombo wawo ngokuyinhloko ungamanzi olwandle, okuyingxenye eyinhloko kasawoti.I-soluble emanzini, i-glycerin, i-soluble kancane ku-ethanol (utshwala), i-ammonia ewuketshezi;Ayincibiliki ku-concentrate hydrochloric acid.I-sodium chloride engcolile inobuthi emoyeni.Ukuzinza kuhle uma kuqhathaniswa, isixazululo saso esinamanzi asithathi hlangothi, futhi imboni ngokuvamile isebenzisa indlela ye-electrolytic saturated sodium chloride solution ukukhiqiza i-hydrogen, i-chlorine ne-caustic soda (i-sodium hydroxide) neminye imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali (ngokuvamile eyaziwa ngokuthi imboni ye-chlor-alkali) ingabuye isetshenziselwe ukuncibilikisa insimbi (amakristalu e-electrolytic molten sodium chloride ukukhiqiza insimbi ye-sodium esebenzayo).
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I-Sodium Hydrooxide
Iwuhlobo lwenhlanganisela ye-inorganic, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-caustic soda, i-caustic soda, i-caustic soda, i-sodium hydroxide ine-alkaline eqinile, igqwala kakhulu, ingasetshenziswa njenge-acid neutralizer, ene-masking agent, i-ejenti edonsa amanzi, i-ejenti yokufihla imvula, i-ejenti yombala, i-ejenti ye-saponification, i-ejenti ecwecwayo, okokuhlanza, njll., ukusetshenziswa kubanzi kakhulu.
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I-Glycerol
Uketshezi olungenambala, olungenaphunga, olumnandi, olune-viscous olungenabo ubuthi.Umgogodla we-glycerol utholakala ku-lipids ebizwa ngokuthi i-triglycerides.Ngenxa yezindawo zayo zokulwa namagciwane kanye ne-antiviral, isetshenziswa kakhulu ekwelashweni kwezilonda nokushiswa okugunyazwe yi-FDA.Ngokuphambene, ibuye isetshenziswe njengendlela ye-bacterial medium.Ingasetshenziswa njengomaka osebenzayo ukukala isifo sesibindi.Ibuye isetshenziswe kabanzi njenge-sweetener embonini yokudla futhi njenge-humectant ekwenziweni kwemithi.Ngenxa yamaqembu ayo amathathu e-hydroxyl, i-glycerol ixubana namanzi kanye ne-hygroscopic.
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I-Sodium Hypochlorite
I-sodium hypochlorite ikhiqizwa ukusabela kwegesi ye-chlorine ne-sodium hydroxide.Inemisebenzi eyahlukene efana nokuvala inzalo (indlela yayo eyinhloko yokwenza iwukwenza i-hypochlorous acid ngokusebenzisa i-hydrolysis, bese iqhubeka nokubola ibe umoya-mpilo omusha wemvelo, ikhiphe amaprotheni amagciwane kanye negciwane, ngaleyo ndlela idlale inzalo ebanzi), ukubulala amagciwane, ukuhlanza. nokunye, futhi idlala indima ebalulekile kwezokwelapha, ukucubungula ukudla, ukwelashwa kwamanzi kanye neminye imikhakha.
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I-Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC)
Njengamanje, ubuchwepheshe bokuguqula i-cellulose bugxile kakhulu etherification kanye ne-esterification.I-Carboxymethylation uhlobo lobuchwepheshe be-etherification.I-Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) itholakala nge-carboxymethylation ye-cellulose, futhi isixazululo sayo esinamanzi sinemisebenzi yokuqina, ukwakheka kwefilimu, ukubopha, ukugcinwa komswakama, ukuvikelwa kwe-colloidal, i-emulsification kanye nokumiswa, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ekuwasheni, e-petroleum, ekudleni, nasemithi, izimboni zendwangu namaphepha nezinye.Ingenye ye-cellulose ethers ebaluleke kakhulu.
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I-Sodium Silicate
I-sodium silicate uhlobo lwe-silicate ye-inorganic, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-pyrophorine.I-Na2O·nSiO2 eyakhiwe ngokusakazwa okomile inkulu futhi isobala, kuyilapho i-Na2O·nSiO2 eyakhiwe ngokucisha amanzi amanzi iyimbudumbudu, engasetshenziswa kuphela lapho iguqulwa ibe uketshezi lwe-Na2O·nSiO2.Imikhiqizo eqinile ye-Na2O·nSiO2 evamile yilena: ① okuqinile okuyinqwaba, ② okuqinile okuyimpushana, ③ i-silicate ye-sodium esheshayo, ④ i-zero amanzi metasilicate ye-sodium, ⑤ i-sodium pentahydrate metasilicate, ⑥ i-sodium orthosilicate.
