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I-Urea
Kuyinhlanganisela ephilayo eyakhiwe i-carbon, i-nitrogen, umoya-mpilo ne-hydrogen, enye yezinhlanganisela ezilula ze-organic, futhi iwumkhiqizo wokugcina oqukethe i-nitrogen we-protein metabolism kanye nokubola kwezilwane ezincelisayo nezinye izinhlanzi, futhi i-urea ihlanganiswa yi-ammonia ne-carbon. dioxide embonini ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile.
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I-Ammonium Bicarbonate
I-Ammonium bicarbonate iyinhlanganisela emhlophe, i-granular, ipuleti noma amakristalu ekholomu, iphunga le-ammonia.I-Ammonium bicarbonate iwuhlobo lwe-carbonate, i-ammonium bicarbonate ine-ammonium ion ekwakhekeni kwamakhemikhali, iwuhlobo lukasawoti we-ammonium, nosawoti we-ammonium awukwazi ukuhlanganiswa ne-alkali, ngakho-ke i-ammonium bicarbonate akufanele ihlanganiswe ne-sodium hydroxide noma i-calcium hydroxide. .
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I-Potassium Carbonate
Isithako esingaphili, esincibilikisiwe njengempushana ecwebezelayo emhlophe, encibilika emanzini, i-alkaline esixazululweni esinamanzi, esingancibiliki ku-ethanol, i-acetone, ne-ether.I-hygroscopic enamandla, evezwe emoyeni ingamunca isikhutha namanzi, ibe yi-potassium bicarbonate.
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I-Potassium Chloride
Ingxube yezinto ezingaphili efana nosawoti ngokubukeka, enekristalu emhlophe kanye nokunambitheka okunosawoti okwedlulele, okunganuki, nokungenabuthi.Incibilika emanzini, i-ether, i-glycerol ne-alkali, incibilika kancane ku-ethanol, kodwa ayincibiliki ku-ethanol anhydrous, i-hygroscopic, kulula ukuyifaka;Ukuncibilika emanzini kukhuphuka ngokushesha ngokwanda kwezinga lokushisa, futhi kuvame ukubola kabusha ngosawoti wesodium ukuze kwakhe usawoti we-potassium omusha.
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I-Ferrous sulfate
I-Ferrous sulfate iyisithako esingaphili, i-crystalline hydrate iyi-heptahydrate ekushiseni okuvamile, okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi “i-alum eluhlaza”, ikristalu eluhlaza okotshani, ehambisana nomoya owomile, i-oxidation engaphezulu ye-iron sulfate eyisisekelo ensundu emoyeni oswakeme, ku-56.6℃ ukuze ibe i-tetrahydrate, ku-65 ℃ ukuze ibe monohydrate.I-Ferrous sulfate iyancibilika emanzini futhi icishe ingancibiliki ku-ethanol.Isixazululo saso esinamanzi sishintsha kancane emoyeni lapho kubanda, futhi sikhipha i-oxidize ngokushesha lapho kushisa.Ukwengeza i-alkali noma ukuchayeka ekukhanyeni kungasheshisa i-oxidation yakhona.Ukuminyana kwesihlobo (d15) ngu-1.897.
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I-Ammonium chloride
Usawoti we-ammonium we-hydrochloric acid, ikakhulukazi ngemikhiqizo yemboni ye-alkali.Okuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen okungama-24% ~ 26%, isikwele esimhlophe noma esiphuzi kancane noma amakristalu amancane e-octahedral, impushana kanye nezinhlobo ezimbili zemithamo ye-granular, i-granular ammonium chloride akulula ukumunca umswakama, kulula ukuyigcina, futhi i-ammonium chloride eyimpuphu isetshenziswa kakhulu njengesisekelo. umanyolo wokukhiqiza umanyolo ohlanganisiwe.Kungumanyolo we-physiological acid, okungafanele usetshenziswe enhlabathini ene-asidi nomhlabathi we-saline-alkali ngenxa ye-chlorine eningi, futhi akufanele usetshenziswe njengomanyolo wembewu, umanyolo wezithombo noma umanyolo wamaqabunga.
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I-Magnesium Chloride
I-inorganic substance eyakhiwe ngo-74.54% we-chlorine kanye no-25.48% we-magnesium futhi ngokuvamile iqukethe ama-molecule ayisithupha amanzi e-crystalline, i-MgCl2.6H2O.Ikristalu ye-Monoclinic, noma enosawoti, inokugqwala okuthile.I-Magnesium oxide yakheka lapho kulahleka amanzi ne-hydrogen chloride ngesikhathi sokushisa.Incibilika kancane ku-acetone, inyibilika emanzini, i-ethanol, i-methanol, i-pyridine.Idla ukudla futhi ibangele intuthu emoyeni omanzi, futhi idlulele lapho kushisa okumhlophe emgudwini wegesi we-hydrogen.
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4 A Zeolite
Kuyi-asidi yemvelo ye-alumino-silicic, insimbi kasawoti ekushisweni kwamanzi, ngenxa yamanzi angaphakathi kwekristalu ekhishwa, ikhiqiza into efana nokubilisa nokubilisa, okubizwa ngokuthi "itshe elibilayo" esithombeni, elibizwa ngokuthi "zeolite". ”, esetshenziswa njengesisizi se-phosphate-free detergent, esikhundleni se-sodium tripolyphosphate;Embonini ye-petroleum nakwezinye izimboni, isetshenziswa njengendawo yokomisa, ukuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi kanye nokuhlanzwa kwamagesi noketshezi, futhi njenge-catalyst kanye nokuthambisa amanzi.
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I-Citric Acid
Kuyi-asidi ebalulekile ephilayo, ikristalu engenambala, engenaphunga, inokunambitheka okumuncu okuqinile, okuncibilika kalula emanzini, ikakhulukazi embonini yokudla nesiphuzo, ingasetshenziswa njenge-ejenti emuncu, i-seasoning agent kanye ne-preservative, i-preservative, ingasetshenziswa futhi amakhemikhali, imboni yezimonyo njenge-antioxidant, i-plasticizer, i-detergent, i-anhydrous citric acid nayo ingasetshenziswa embonini yokudla nesiphuzo.
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I-Sodium Silicate
I-sodium silicate uhlobo lwe-silicate ye-inorganic, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-pyrophorine.I-Na2O·nSiO2 eyakhiwe ngokusakazwa okomile inkulu futhi isobala, kuyilapho i-Na2O·nSiO2 eyakhiwe ngokucisha amanzi amanzi iyimbudumbudu, engasetshenziswa kuphela lapho iguqulwa ibe uketshezi lwe-Na2O·nSiO2.Imikhiqizo eqinile ye-Na2O·nSiO2 evamile yilena: ① okuqinile okuyinqwaba, ② okuqinile okuyimpushana, ③ i-silicate ye-sodium esheshayo, ④ i-zero amanzi metasilicate ye-sodium, ⑤ i-sodium pentahydrate metasilicate, ⑥ i-sodium orthosilicate.
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I-Sodium Dihydrogen Phosphate
Omunye usawoti we-sodium we-phosphoric acid, usawoti we-inorganic acid, oncibilika emanzini, cishe ongancibiliki ku-ethanol.I-sodium dihydrogen phosphate iyimpahla eluhlaza yokwenziwa kwe-sodium hempetaphosphate ne-sodium pyrophosphate.Icwecwe le-prismatic le-monoclinic elingenambala elingenambala elinokuminyana okungu-1.52g/cm².
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I-Dibasic Sodium phosphate
Ingenye yosawoti we-sodium we-phosphoric acid.Kuyimpushana emhlophe ephundukile, encibilika emanzini, futhi isixazululo esinamanzi sine-alkaline ebuthakathaka.I-Disodium hydrogen phosphate ilula isimo sezulu emoyeni, ekamelweni lokushisa elibekwe emoyeni lilahlekelwa amanzi angamakristalu angaba ngu-5 ukuze enze i-heptahydrate, eshiselwe ku-100 ℃ ukulahlekelwa wonke amanzi e-crystal abe yi-anhydrous matter, ukubola ku-sodium pyrophosphate ku-250 ℃.
