Dioxane? Yindaba yokucwasa nje

Iyini i-dioxane?Ivelaphi?

I-Dioxane, indlela efanele yokuyibhala yi-dioxane.Ngenxa yokuthi ububi bunzima kakhulu ukukubhala, kulesi sihloko sizosebenzisa amagama amabi avamile esikhundleni salokho.Kuyinhlanganisela ephilayo, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-dioxane, 1, 4-dioxane, uketshezi olungenambala.Ubuthi obunamandla be-Dioxane bunobuthi obuphansi, bunemiphumela yokubulala izinzwa nevuselelayo.Ngokusho kweKhodi Yezobuchwepheshe Yokuphepha yamanje yezimonyo e-China, i-dioxane iyingxenye enqatshelwe yezimonyo.Njengoba kungavunyelwe ukwengeza, kungani izimonyo zisenayo i-dioxane?Ngenxa yezizathu ezingenakugwemeka ngokobuchwepheshe, kuyenzeka ukuthi i-dioxane yethulwe ezimonyoni njengokungcola.Ngakho-ke yikuphi ukungcola okutholakala ezintweni ezingavuthiwe?

Esinye sezithako zokuhlanza ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-shampoos kanye nokugeza umzimba i-sodium fatty alcohol ether sulfate, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-sodium AES noma i-SLES.Le ngxenye ingenziwa ngamafutha esundu emvelo noma i-petroleum njengezinto ezingavuthiwe zibe utshwala obunamafutha, kodwa ihlanganiswa ngochungechunge lwezinyathelo ezifana ne-ethoxylation, i-sulfonation, ne-neutralization.Isinyathelo esibalulekile i-ethoxylation, kulesi sinyathelo senqubo yokusabela, udinga ukusebenzisa izinto ezingavuthiwe ze-ethylene oxide, okuyi-monomer yempahla eluhlaza esetshenziswa kabanzi embonini ye-chemical synthesis, inqubo yokusabela kwe-ethoxylation, ngaphezu kwalokho Ukwengezwa kwe-ethylene oxide ku-alcohol enamafutha ukuze kukhiqizwe utshwala obunamafutha e-ethoxylated, Kukhona nengxenye encane ye-ethylene oxide (EO) ama-molecule amabili e-condensation ukukhiqiza umkhiqizo, okungukuthi, isitha se-dioxane, ukusabela okuqondile kungaboniswa. emfanekisweni olandelayo:

Ngokuvamile, abakhiqizi bempahla eluhlaza bazoba nezinyathelo zakamuva zokuhlukanisa nokuhlanza i-dioxane, abakhiqizi bezinto ezingavuthiwe abahlukene bazoba namazinga ahlukene, abakhiqizi bezimonyo bezizwe ngezizwe bazophinde balawule le nkomba, ngokuvamile mayelana ne-20 kuya ku-40ppm.Ngokuqondene nezinga lokuqukethwe kumkhiqizo oqediwe (njenge-shampoo, ukugeza umzimba), azikho izinkomba zamazwe ngamazwe eziqondile.Ngemuva kwesigameko seshampu ye-Bawang ngo-2011, i-China yabeka izinga lemikhiqizo eqediwe ngaphansi kuka-30ppm.

I-Dioxane idala umdlavuza, ingabe idala ukukhathazeka ngokuphepha?

Njengento eluhlaza esetshenziswe kusukela ngeMpi Yezwe II, i-sodium sulfate (SLES) kanye ne-dioxane yomkhiqizo wayo kuye kwafundwa kabanzi.I-United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) isineminyaka engu-30 ifunda i-dioxane emikhiqizweni yabathengi, kanti i-Health Canada iphethe ngokuthi ukuba khona kwenani elincane le-dioxane emikhiqizweni yezimonyo akubangeli ubungozi bezempilo kubathengi, ngisho nezingane (eCanada. ).Ngokusho kwe-Australian National Occupational Health and Safety Commission, umkhawulo ofanelekile we-dioxane ezimpahleni zabathengi ngu-30ppm, futhi umkhawulo ophezulu owamukelekayo ngokwe-toxicologically ngu-100ppm.E-China, ngemva kuka-2012, izinga elilinganiselwe elingu-30ppm lokuqukethwe kwe-dioxane ezimonyoni lingaphansi kakhulu kunomkhawulo ophezulu owamukelekayo ngokwe-toxicologically ongu-100ppm ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile zokusetshenziswa.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele kugcizelelwe ukuthi umkhawulo waseChina we-dioxane ezindinganisweni zezimonyo ungaphansi kuka-30ppm, okuyizinga eliphezulu emhlabeni.Ngoba empeleni, amazwe amaningi nezifunda zinemikhawulo ephezulu kokuqukethwe kwe-dioxane kunamazinga ethu ajwayelekile noma angekho acacile:

Eqinisweni, ukulandelela amanani e-dioxane nawo ajwayelekile emvelweni.I-US Toxic Substances and Disease Registry ibala i-dioxane njengetholakala enkukhu, utamatisi, izimfanzi ngisho namanzi ethu okuphuza.I-World Health Organization Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality (uhlelo lwesithathu) ithi umkhawulo we-dioxane emanzini ngu-50 μg/L.

Ngakho-ke ukufingqa inkinga ye-carcinogenic ye-dioxane emshweni owodwa, okungukuthi: kungakhathaliseki umthamo wokukhuluma ngomonakalo kuwubuwula.

Ukuncipha kokuqukethwe kwe-dioxane, ikhwalithi engcono, akunjalo?

I-Dioxane akuyona kuphela inkomba yekhwalithi ye-SLES.Ezinye izinkomba ezifana nenani lama-unsulfonated compounds kanye nenani lama-irritants emkhiqizweni nakho kubalulekile ukucatshangelwa.

Ukwengeza, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-SLES nayo iza ngosayizi abahlukene, umehluko omkhulu yizinga le-ethoxylation, amanye ane-1 EO, amanye ano-2, 3 noma ngisho no-4 EO (Yebo, imikhiqizo enezindawo zamadesimali ezifana ne-1.3 futhi 2.6 ingakhiqizwa).Izinga eliphakeme lokukhuphuka kwe-ethoxidation, okungukuthi, inani eliphakeme le-EO, liphakeme okuqukethwe kwe-dioxane ekhiqizwa ngaphansi kwenqubo efanayo nezimo zokuhlanza.

Ngokuthakazelisayo, nokho, isizathu sokwandisa i-EO ukunciphisa ukucasuka kwe-SLES ye-surfactant, futhi ukuphakama kwenani le-EO SLES, ukucasula kancane esikhumbeni, okungukuthi, okuncane, futhi ngokuphambene nalokho.Ngaphandle kwe-EO, i-SLS, engathandwa abahlanganyeli, okuyisithako esivuselela kakhulu.

Ngakho-ke, okuqukethwe okuphansi kwe-dioxane akusho ukuthi iyimpahla enhle eluhlaza.Ngoba uma inani le-EO lincane, ukucasuka kwempahla eluhlaza kuzoba kukhulu

Ngokufigqiwe:

I-Dioxane ayisona isithako esingezwe ngamabhizinisi, kodwa iwumkhiqizo okufanele ihlale ezintweni ezingavuthiwe njenge-SLES, okunzima ukuyigwema.Hhayi kuma-SLES kuphela, empeleni, inqobo nje uma kwenziwa i-ethoxylation, kuzoba khona amanani omkhondo we-dioxane, futhi ezinye izinto zokunakekela isikhumba nazo zine-dioxane.Ngokombono wokuhlola ubungozi, njengento eyinsalela, asikho isidingo sokuphishekela okuqukethwe okuphelele okungu-0, ukuthatha ubuchwepheshe bokubona bamanje, “okungatholwa” akusho ukuthi okuqukethwe ngu-0.

Ngakho-ke, ukukhuluma ngokulimala okungaphezu komthamo kuwukuba umgulukudu.Ukuphepha kwe-dioxane kuye kwafundwa iminyaka eminingi, futhi ukuphepha okufanelekile nezindinganiso ezinconyiwe kuye kwasungulwa, futhi izinsalela ezingaphansi kuka-100ppm zibhekwa njengeziphephile.Kepha amazwe anjenge-European Union awakakwenzi kube yizinga eliyimpoqo.Izidingo zasekhaya zokuqukethwe kwe-dioxane emikhiqizweni zingaphansi kuka-30ppm.

Ngakho-ke, i-dioxane ku-shampoo ayidingi ukukhathazeka ngomdlavuza.Ngokuqondene nolwazi olungaqondile olutholakala kwabezindaba, manje usuyaqonda ukuthi nje ukunakwa.