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I-Sodium Sulfite
I-sodium sulfite, i-white crystalline powder, inyibilika emanzini, ayincibiliki ku-ethanol.I-Insoluble chlorine ne-ammonia asetshenziswa kakhulu njenge-fiber stabilizer yokwenziwa, i-ejenti yokuxubha indwangu, umthuthukisi wezithombe, i-deoxidizer e-bleaching, iphunga kanye ne-ejenti yokunciphisa udayi, i-ejenti yokususa i-lignin yokwenza iphepha.
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I-Calcium oxide
Umcako osheshayo ngokuvamile uqukethe umcako oshisisa ngokweqile, ukugcinwa komcako oshisisa ngokweqile kuhamba kancane, uma umlotha womlotha wetshe uqina futhi, uzodala ukuqhekeka ngenxa yokwanda kokuguga.Ukuze uqede lo monakalo wokushiswa komcako, umcako kufanele futhi “uguge” cishe amasonto ama-2 ngemva kokulungiswa.Umumo umhlophe (noma umpunga, onsundu, umhlophe), u-amorphous, udonsa amanzi kanye ne-carbon dioxide emoyeni.I-calcium oxide ihlangana namanzi yakhe i-calcium hydroxide futhi ikhiphe ukushisa.Incibilika emanzini ane-asidi, ayincibiliki otshwaleni.Izindatshana ezonakalisayo ze-alkaline, ikhodi yengozi kazwelonke :95006.Umcako ubhekana namakhemikhali emanzini futhi ushiselwa ngokushesha emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-100°C.
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I-aluminium sulfate
Ingasetshenziswa njenge-flocculant ekwelapheni amanzi, i-ejenti yokugcina isicishamlilo esiyigwebu, impahla eluhlaza yokwenza i-alum ne-aluminium ibe mhlophe, impahla eluhlaza yokukhipha umbala kawoyela, isiqedaphunga nemithi, njll. Embonini yephepha, ingasetshenziswa njenge-ejenti ethela amanzi i-rosin gum, i-wax emulsion nezinye izinto zenjoloba, futhi ingasetshenziswa ukwenza amagugu okwenziwa kanye ne-ammonium alum yezinga eliphezulu.
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I-ferric chloride
Incibilika emanzini futhi imunca kakhulu, ingamunca umswakama emoyeni.Imboni kadayi isetshenziswa njenge-oxidant ekudayeni odayi be-indycotin, futhi imboni yokunyathelisa nokudaya isetshenziswa njenge-mordant.Imboni ye-organic isetshenziswa njenge-catalyst, i-oxidant kanye ne-chlorination ejenti, futhi imboni yengilazi isetshenziswa njengombala oshisayo we-glassware.Ekuhlanzeni indle, idlala indima yokuhlanza umbala wendle kanye namafutha alulazayo.
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I-aluminium sulfate
I-Aluminium sulfate iyimpushana/impushana ecwebezelayo engenambala noma emhlophe enezakhiwo ze-hygroscopic.I-Aluminium sulfate ine-acidic kakhulu futhi ingasabela nge-alkali ukwenza usawoti namanzi ahambisanayo.Isixazululo esinamanzi se-aluminium sulfate sine-acidic futhi singanciphisa i-aluminium hydroxide.I-Aluminium sulfate iyi-coagulant eqinile engasetshenziswa ekuhlanzeni amanzi, ekwenzeni amaphepha kanye nezimboni zokushuka.
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I-sodium bisulfate
I-sodium bisulphate, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-sodium acid sulfate, i-sodium chloride (usawoti) kanye ne-sulfuric acid ingasabela emazingeni okushisa aphezulu ukuze ikhiqize into, into e-anhydrous ine-hygroscopic, isixazululo esinamanzi sine-acidic.I-electrolyte eqinile, i-ionized ngokuphelele esimweni esincibilikisiwe, i-ionized ibe yi-sodium ion kanye ne-bisulfate.I-Hydrogen sulfate ingakwazi ukuzi-ionization kuphela, i-ionization equilibrium constant incane kakhulu, ayikwazi uku-ionized ngokuphelele.
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I-Ferrous sulfate
I-Ferrous sulfate iyisithako esingaphili, i-crystalline hydrate iyi-heptahydrate ekushiseni okuvamile, okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi “i-alum eluhlaza”, ikristalu eluhlaza okotshani, ehambisana nomoya owomile, i-oxidation engaphezulu ye-iron sulfate eyisisekelo ensundu emoyeni oswakeme, ku-56.6℃ ukuze ibe i-tetrahydrate, ku-65 ℃ ukuze ibe monohydrate.I-Ferrous sulfate iyancibilika emanzini futhi icishe ingancibiliki ku-ethanol.Isixazululo saso esinamanzi sishintsha kancane emoyeni lapho kubanda, futhi sikhipha i-oxidize ngokushesha lapho kushisa.Ukwengeza i-alkali noma ukuchayeka ekukhanyeni kungasheshisa i-oxidation yakhona.Ukuminyana kwesihlobo (d15) ngu-1.897.
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I-Magnesium Chloride
I-inorganic substance eyakhiwe ngo-74.54% we-chlorine kanye no-25.48% we-magnesium futhi ngokuvamile iqukethe ama-molecule ayisithupha amanzi e-crystalline, i-MgCl2.6H2O.Ikristalu ye-Monoclinic, noma enosawoti, inokugqwala okuthile.I-Magnesium oxide yakheka lapho kulahleka amanzi ne-hydrogen chloride ngesikhathi sokushisa.Incibilika kancane ku-acetone, inyibilika emanzini, i-ethanol, i-methanol, i-pyridine.Idla ukudla futhi ibangele intuthu emoyeni omanzi, futhi idlulele lapho kushisa okumhlophe emgudwini wegesi we-hydrogen.
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I-Calcium Hydrooxide
Umcako onamanzi noma i-hydrated lime Kuyikristalu emhlophe eyimpushana enezinhlangothi eziyisithupha.Ku-580 ℃, ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi kuba yi-CaO.Uma i-calcium hydroxide yengezwa emanzini, ihlukaniswa ibe izingqimba ezimbili, isixazululo esingaphezulu sibizwa ngokuthi amanzi a-lime acacisiwe, futhi ukumiswa okuphansi kubizwa ngokuthi ubisi lwe-lime noma i-lime slurry.Ungqimba olungaphezulu lwamanzi omcako acacile lungahlola i-carbon dioxide, kanti ungqimba olungezansi lobisi lwe-lime olunamafu luyimpahla yokwakha.I-calcium hydroxide iyi-alkali enamandla, inamandla okubulala amagciwane kanye ne-anti-corrosion, inomthelela olimazayo esikhumbeni nasendwangu.
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4A Zeolite
Kuyi-asidi yemvelo ye-alumino-silicic, insimbi kasawoti ekushisweni kwamanzi, ngenxa yamanzi angaphakathi kwekristalu ekhishwa, ikhiqiza into efana nokubilisa nokubilisa, okubizwa ngokuthi "itshe elibilayo" esithombeni, elibizwa ngokuthi "zeolite". ”, esetshenziswa njengesisizi se-phosphate-free detergent, esikhundleni se-sodium tripolyphosphate;Embonini ye-petroleum nakwezinye izimboni, isetshenziswa njengendawo yokomisa, ukuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi kanye nokuhlanzwa kwamagesi noketshezi, futhi njenge-catalyst kanye nokuthambisa amanzi.
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I-Sodium Tripolyphosphate (STPP)
I-sodium tripolyphosphate iyinhlanganisela ye-inorganic equkethe amaqembu amathathu e-phosphate hydroxyl (PO3H) namaqembu amabili e-phosphate hydroxyl (PO4).Imhlophe noma iphuzi, iyababa, iyancibilika emanzini, i-alkaline kwisisombululo esinamanzi, futhi ikhipha ukushisa okuningi lapho incibilikiswa ku-asidi ne-ammonium sulfate.Emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, ihlukana ibe yimikhiqizo efana ne-sodium hypophosphite (Na2HPO4) ne-sodium phosphite (NaPO3).
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I-Sodium Hypochlorite
I-sodium hypochlorite ikhiqizwa ukusabela kwegesi ye-chlorine ne-sodium hydroxide.Inemisebenzi eyahlukene efana nokuvala inzalo (indlela yayo eyinhloko yokwenza iwukwenza i-hypochlorous acid ngokusebenzisa i-hydrolysis, bese iqhubeka nokubola ibe umoya-mpilo omusha wemvelo, ikhiphe amaprotheni egciwane kanye negciwane, ngaleyo ndlela idlale inzalo ebanzi), ukubulala amagciwane, ukubola. nokunye, futhi idlala indima ebalulekile kwezokwelapha, ukucubungula ukudla, ukwelashwa kwamanzi kanye neminye imikhakha.
