Ukwelashwa kwamanzi aqukethe i-acid.

Amanzi angcolile we-acidic i-wandtewater ngenani le-PH liwela ngaphansi kwe-6. Ngokusho kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene kanye nokugxila kwama-acid, amanzi angcolile acidi ahlukaniswe ngamanzi angcolile we-inorganic kanye ne-organic acid wastewater. Amanzi angcolile e-acid kanye namanzi abuthakathaka acijile; I-Monocid Wastewater kanye nama-Polyacid wachitha amanzi; I-acidic ephansi ye-acidic acidic wadtewater kanye namanzi aphezulu afushanisiwe acijile. Imvamisa amanzi angcolile acidic, ngaphezu kokuqukethe i-acid ethile, imvamisa futhi iqukethe ama-ion asindayo wensimbi kanye nosawoti wabo nezinye izinto eziyingozi. Amanzi angcolile we-acidic avela emithonjeni ehlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ama-drainage ahlukahlukene, i-hydrometallurgy, ukwelashwa kwensimbi, ukwelashwa kwensimbi, ukukhiqizwa kwe-acid, ama-elekhroni, ama-electroitial fibers kanye neminye imikhakha yezimboni. Amanzi ajwayelekile a-acidic wastewater yi-sulfuric acid wastewater, alandelwa yi-hydrochloric acid kanye namanzi angcolile we-nitric acid. Njalo ngonyaka, iChina isizokhipha cishe amamitha ayi-cubic ayisigidi esasikhishwe imfucuza i-acid, uma la manzi engcolile ekhishwa ngqo ngaphandle kokwelashwa, izolimaza izilimo, ukulimaza imikhumbi, nokubhubhisa impilo yemvelo. Amanzi angcolile we-acid acid kufanele aphathwe ukuze ahlangabezane nezindinganiso zokuphuma kuzwelonke ngaphambi kokuphuma, amanzi angcolile acijile angavuselelwa futhi asetshenziswe kabusha. Lapho uphathe i-acid yemfucuza, izindlela zingakhethwa zifaka ukwelashwa usawoti, indlela yokuhlushwa, indlela yokungathathi hlangothi kwamakhemikhali, indlela yokukhipha, indlela yokushintshanisa, indlela yokuhlukanisa i-ion, njll.

1. Usawoti okhipha kabusha

Ukubizwa okubizwa ngokuthi yi-Altings ukuphuma ukusebenzisa inani elikhulu lamanzi alololo kasawoti agqibe cishe cishe kuwo wonke ukungcola okuphathelene ne-acid. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela izokhiqiza i-hydrochloric acid futhi isebenzise ukululama nokusetshenziswa kwe-sulfuric acid ku-fulfuric acid, ngakho-ke indlela yokulungisa ukungcola kwe-organic kwi-sodium bisulphate solution.
I-acid yemfucumfucu iqukethe i-sulfuric acid kanye nokungcola okuhlukahlukene kwe-organic, okuyimali encane kakhulu ye-6-Chloro-3-nitrotoluene-4 i-isomers acid ngaphandle kwe-toluene, i-chlorination kanye ne-nitrorication. Indlela ye-Salting Out ukusebenzisa inani elikhulu lamanzi agcwele usawoti ukuze anciphise cishe kuwo wonke ukungcola okuphathelene ne-acid. Indlela yokuphinda usebenzise usawoti ayikwazi ukususa kuphela ukungcola okuhlukahlukene kwe-acid yemfucumfucu, kepha futhi ibuye ithole i-sulfuric acid ukufaka ekukhiqizeni umjikelezo, ukonga izindleko namandla.

2. Indlela Exakayo

Indlela yokugibela isetshenziswa kwi-acid eshintshayo efana ne-hydrochloric acid, ehlukaniswe nesixazululo ngokugazinga ukufeza umphumela wokuthola kabusha.

3. Indlela yokungathathi hlangothi kwamakhemikhali

Ukusabela okuyisisekelo kwe-acid-base Reaction of H + (AQ) + Oh- (AQ) = H2O futhi kuyisisekelo esibalulekile sokwelashwa kwamanzi aqukethe amanzi angena-acis. Izindlela ezijwayelekile zokwelapha amanzi aqukethe i-acid-e-wandy ukuphuma okujwayelekile. I-Sodium Carbonate (i-SODA Ash), i-Sodium Hydroxide, i-limestone noma i-lime njengezinto zokwenziwa ngokungathathi hlangothi kwe-acid-base, ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kushibhile, kulula ukwenza uLime.

4. Indlela yokukhipha

Ukukhishwa okuwuketshezi, owaziwa nangokuthi ukukhishwa kwe-solvent, kungukusebenza kweyunithi okusebenzisa umehluko ekubolekeni kwezakhi zoketshezi ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo ezisetshenziswayo ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo ezisetshenziswayo ezibonakalayo ku-solvent efanelekile yokuthola ukuhlukaniswa. Ekwelashweni kwamanzi aqukethe i-acid-wastewater, kuyadingeka ukwenza amanzi aqukethe i-acid-wastewater kanye ne-organic solvent ukuxhumana ngokuphelele, ukuze ukungcola okuku-acid kwemfucuza kudluliselwe kwi-solvent. Izidingo zokukhishwa yilezi: (1) Ukuze i-acid yemfucumfucu i-inert, ayisebenzi ngamakhemikhali nge-acid yemfucumfucu, futhi ayincibiliki ku-acid yemfucuza; . (3) Intengo ishibhile futhi kulula ukuyithola; (4) Kulula ukuhlukanisa ukungcola, ukulahleka okuncane lapho usuka. Izindawo ezijwayelekile ezijwayelekile zifaka i-Benzene (Tolune, Nitrobenzene, Chlolobenene), ama-Phenols (Creosote Crude Diphenol), ama-Hydrogeeathane, Diclororoethane), i-Isopropyl ether ne-N-503.

I-5. ION Exchange Resin indlela

Umgomo oyisisekelo wokwelapha imfucumfucu ye-organic acid uketshezi ngu-Ion Exchange Resin ukuthi amanye ama-Ion Exchange Remins angakwazi ukudonsa ama-organic acid kusuka kusisombululo semfucuza kanye nosawoti wensimbi ukufeza ukuhlukaniswa kwama-acid ahlukene nosawoti.

6. Indlela yokuhlukanisa membrane

Nge-acidic imfucuza uketshezi, izindlela zokwelashwa ze-membrane ezifana ne-dialysis ne-electrodialysis nazo zingasetshenziswa. Ukuvuselelwa kweMembrane kwemfucuza i-acid ikakhulukazi yamukela umgomo we-dialysis, oqhutshwa umehluko wokuhlushwa. Idivayisi yonke yakhiwa nge-dialysis membrane, ipuleti yokusatshalaliswa koketshezi, ukuqinisa ipuleti, i-liquid Flow Plate Frame, njll., Bese ifinyelela umphumela wokuhlukanisa ngokuhlukanisa izimbanzi.

7. Ukupholisa Indlela Yokulanda I-Crystallization

Indlela yokupholisa i-Crystallization iyindlela yokunciphisa izinga lokushisa lesisombululo bese unqamula i-solute. Isetshenziswa kwinqubo yokudonswa kwemfucuza ye-acid ukuthi ukungcola okukulahla i-acid kupholile ukuthola isisombululo se-acid esihlangabezana nezidingo futhi siphinde futhi. Isibonelo, i-sulfuric acid eshisiwe ekhishwa kwinqubo yokuwasha ye-acyl-yokuwa kwesigayo esigoqiwe iqukethe inani elikhulu le-sulfate ye-ferraus, elashwa yinqubo yokuhlushwa-crystallization kanye nokuhlunga. Ngemuva kokususwa kwe-sulfate ye-ferrous ngokuhlunga, i-acid ingabuyiselwa kwinqubo yensimbi yokutshala yensimbi ukuze iqhubeke.
Ukupholisa i-Crystallization kunezicelo eziningi zezimboni, eziboniswa lapha ngenqubo yokukhulisa ekucutshungweni kwensimbi. Enqubweni yensimbi kanye nokusebenza kwemishini, isixazululo se-sulfuric acid sivame ukusetshenziswa ukususa ukugqwala endaweni yensimbi. Ngakho-ke, ukuphinda kwenziwa kabusha kwe-fusfucumfucu kunciphisa kakhulu izindleko futhi kuvikele imvelo. Ukupholisa i-Crystallization kusetshenziswa embonini ukufeza le nqubo.

8. Indlela ye-Oxidation

Le ndlela isetshenziselwe isikhathi eside, futhi umgomo wokubola ngokungcola kwe-organic ku-sulfuric acid ngo-oxidizing agents ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, ukuze ahlukaniswe ne-sulfuric acid, ukuze ahlukaniswe ne-sulfuric acid. Ama-oxidants asetshenziswayo asetshenziswa yi-hydrogen petoxide, i-nitric acid, i-perchloric acid, hypochlorous acid, nitrate, ozone nokunye. I-oxidizer ngayinye inezinzuzo nokulinganiselwa kwayo.