Izakhiwo zomzimba kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-calcium chloride

I-calcium chloride usawoti owakhiwe ngama-ion e-chloride nama-ion e-calcium. I-calcium chloride engenamanzi inomswakama onamandla, isetshenziswa njenge-desiccant yezinto ezahlukahlukene, ngaphezu kothuli lomgwaqo, i-soil improver, i-refrigerant, i-ejenti yokuhlanza amanzi, i-paste agent. Iyi-reagent yamakhemikhali esetshenziswa kabanzi, izinto zokusetshenziswa zemithi, izithasiselo zokudla, izithasiselo zokudla kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa zokukhiqiza i-calcium yensimbi.

Izakhiwo zomzimba ze-calcium chloride

I-calcium chloride iyikristalu e-cubic engenambala, emhlophe noma emhlophe, e-granular, i-honeycomb block, i-spheroid, i-granular engajwayelekile, i-powdered. Iphuzu lokuncibilika lingu-782°C, ubuningi obungu-1.086 g/mL ku-20°C, iphuzu lokubila lingu-1600°C, ukuncibilika kwamanzi kungu-740 g/L. Inobuthi kancane, ayinaphunga, inambitheka kancane ebabayo. I-hygroscopic kakhulu futhi ilula ukuyihlanza uma ivezwa emoyeni.

Incibilika kalula emanzini, ngenkathi ikhulula ukushisa okukhulu (i-calcium chloride dissolving enthalpy engu--176.2cal/g), isixazululo sayo samanzi sine-asidi encane. Incibilika ku-alcohol, i-acetone, i-acetic acid. Uma isabela ne-ammonia noma i-ethanol, kwakheka ama-complex e-CaCl2·8NH3 kanye ne-CaCl2·4C2H5OH ngokulandelana. Emazingeni okushisa aphansi, isixazululo siyaqina futhi sijike njenge-hexahydrate, encibilika kancane kancane emanzini ayo e-crystalline lapho ishiswa ku-30 ​​° C, futhi kancane kancane ilahlekelwa amanzi lapho ishiswa ku-200 ° C, futhi ibe yi-dihydrate lapho ishiswa ku-260 ° C, eba yi-calcium chloride emhlophe enezimbobo ezingenamanzi.

I-calcium chloride engenamanzi

1, izakhiwo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali: i-cubic crystal engenambala, ibhlogo elimhlophe noma elimhlophe elingenazo izimbobo noma i-granular solid. Ubuningi obuhlobene bungu-2.15, iphuzu lokuncibilika lingu-782℃, iphuzu lokubila lingaphezu kuka-1600℃, ukuhlanzeka kunamandla kakhulu, kulula ukukuhlanzeka, kulula ukuncibilika emanzini, kuyilapho kukhishwa ukushisa okuningi, kungenaphunga, kunambitheka okubabayo kancane, isixazululo samanzi sine-acid kancane, sincibilika kotshwala, uviniga we-acrylic, i-acetic acid.

2, ukusetshenziswa komkhiqizo: Kuyisithako esibangela ukusha kwe-pigment ye-color lake. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-nitrogen, i-acetylene gas, i-hydrogen chloride, i-oxygen kanye nenye i-gas desiccant. Ama-alcohols, ama-ether, ama-ester nama-acrylic resins asetshenziswa njengezinto eziqeda amanzi emzimbeni, futhi izixazululo zawo zamanzi ziyizinto ezibalulekile eziqandisayo eziqandisini naseziqandisini. Kungasheshisa ukuqina kwekhonkrithi, kwandise ukumelana nokubanda kwe-samente mortar, futhi kuyi-ejenti enhle kakhulu yokulwa nokuqandisa. Kusetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokuvikela i-aluminium magnesium metallurgy, i-ejenti yokucwenga.

I-flake calcium chloride

1, izakhiwo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali: ikristalu engenambala, lo mkhiqizo umhlophe, ikristalu elimhlophe qhwa. Ukunambitheka okubabayo, i-deliqueescent enamandla.
Ubuningi bayo obuhlobene bungu-0.835, incibilika kalula emanzini, isixazululo sayo samanzi asithathi hlangothi noma sine-alkaline kancane, siyabola, siyancibilika otshwaleni futhi asincibiliki ku-ether, futhi sincibilika sibe yinto engenamanzi uma sishiswa ku-260℃. Ezinye izakhiwo zamakhemikhali zifana ne-calcium chloride engenamanzi.

2, umsebenzi kanye nokusetshenziswa: i-flake calcium chloride esetshenziswa njengesiqandisi; I-antifreeze agent; Iqhwa noma iqhwa elincibilikisiwe; Izinto ezivimbela ilangabi zokuqeda nokuqeda izindwangu zikakotini; Izithako zokhuni; Ukukhiqizwa kwerabha njenge-ejenti yokugoqa; Isitashi esixubile sisetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokunamathisela.

Isixazululo samanzi se-calcium chloride

Isixazululo se-calcium chloride sinezici zokuqhuba, indawo yokubanda ephansi kunamanzi, ukushabalalisa ukushisa lapho kuthintana namanzi, futhi sinomsebenzi ongcono wokumunca, futhi indawo yaso yokubanda ephansi ingasetshenziswa ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zokukhiqiza zezimboni kanye nezindawo zomphakathi.

Indima yesisombululo se-calcium chloride:

1. I-Alkaline: I-calcium ion hydrolysis iyi-alkaline, kanti i-hydrogen chloride iyashintshashintsha ngemva kwe-chloride ion hydrolysis.
2, ukuhanjiswa: kukhona ama-ion esixazululweni angahamba ngokukhululeka.
3, iphuzu lokuqandisa: iphuzu lokuqandisa lesisombululo se-calcium chloride liphansi kunamanzi.
4, iphuzu lokubila: iphuzu lokubila lesisombululo samanzi se-calcium chloride liphakeme kunamanzi.
5, ukwakheka kwekristalu yokuhwamuka: isixazululo samanzi se-calcium chloride ukuvela kwekristalu yokuhwamuka ukuze kube semkhathini ogcwele i-hydrogen chloride.

I-Desiccant

I-calcium chloride ingasetshenziswa njenge-desiccant noma i-ejenti yokuqeda amanzi emagesi kanye noketshezi oluphilayo. Kodwa-ke, ayikwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukomisa i-ethanol ne-ammonia, ngoba i-ethanol ne-ammonia zisabela ne-calcium chloride ukuze zakhe i-alcohol complex CaCl2·4C2H5OH kanye ne-ammonia complex CaCl2·8NH3, ngokulandelana. I-calcium chloride engenamanzi ingenziwa futhi ibe yimikhiqizo yasekhaya esetshenziswa njenge-air hygroscopic agent, i-calcium chloride engenamanzi njenge-ejenti yokumunca amanzi ivunyiwe yi-FDA yokugqoka usizo lokuqala, indima yayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inxeba lomile.
Ngenxa yokuthi i-calcium chloride ayithathi hlangothi, ingomisa amagesi ane-acid noma i-alkaline kanye noketshezi oluphilayo, kodwa futhi naselabhorethri ukwenza inani elincane lamagesi afana ne-nitrogen, i-oxygen, i-hydrogen, i-hydrogen chloride, i-sulfur dioxide, i-carbon dioxide, i-nitrogen dioxide, njll., lapho yomisa la magesi akhiqizwayo. I-calcium chloride ene-granular anhydrous ivame ukusetshenziswa njenge-desiccant yokugcwalisa amapayipi okomisa, kanti i-algae enkulu (noma umlotha wolwandle) owomiswe nge-calcium chloride ingasetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni umlotha we-soda. Amanye ama-dehumidifier asekhaya asebenzisa i-calcium chloride ukumunca umswakama ovela emoyeni.
I-calcium chloride engenamanzi isakazeka ebusweni bomgwaqo onesihlabathi, futhi i-hygroscopic property ye-calcium chloride engenamanzi isetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa umswakama emoyeni lapho umswakama womoya uphansi kunephuzu lamazolo ukugcina ubuso bomgwaqo bumanzi, ukuze kulawulwe uthuli emgwaqweni.