Uhla lokusetshenziswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-sodium hydroxide
Uhla lokusetshenziswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-sodium hydroxide
I-YANGZHOU EVERBRIGHT CHEMICAL CO.LTD.
Ithebhulethi ye-caustic soda uhlobo lwe-caustic soda, igama lamakhemikhali elithi sodium hydroxide, iyi-alkali encibilikayo, egqwala kakhulu, ingasetshenziswa njenge-asidi neutralizer, ene-ejenti yokufihla, i-ejenti yokukhanyisa, i-ejenti yokufihla imvula, i-ejenti yombala, i-ejenti ye-saponification, i-ejenti yokuhlanza, insipho nokunye.
Kusebenziseka ngezindlela eziningi kakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa okuvamile kwamaphilisi e-caustic soda kufingqiwe kanje:
1, ukwenza amaphepha:
Izinto zokusetshenziswa zokwenza iphepha ziyizitshalo zokhuni noma zotshani, lezi zitshalo ngaphezu kwe-cellulose, kodwa futhi ziqukethe inani elikhulu le-non-cellulose (i-lignin, i-gum, njll.). I-Flake alkali isetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa, futhi i-fiber ingatholakala kuphela ngokususa i-lignin okhunini. Ingxenye engeyona i-cellulose ingancibilikiswa ngokungeza isisombululo se-caustic soda esincibilikisiwe, ukuze i-cellulose njengengxenye eyinhloko ye-pulp ikwazi ukulungiswa.
2, uphethiloli ocolisisiwe:
Ngemva kokuba imikhiqizo kaphethiloli ihlanzwe nge-sulfuric acid, ezinye izinto ezine-acid kumele zihlanzwe ngesisombululo se-alkali yamathebulethi, bese zihlanzwa ukuze kutholakale imikhiqizo ehlungiwe.
3. Indwangu:
Izindwangu zikakotini nezelineni ziphathwa ngesisombululo se-sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) esigxilile ukuze kuthuthukiswe izakhiwo zefayibha. Izindwangu zokwenziwa ezifana nekotoni yokwenziwa, uboya bokwenziwa, i-rayon, njll., ikakhulukazi ziyizintambo ze-viscose, zenziwe nge-cellulose (njenge-pulp), i-caustic soda, i-carbon disulfide (CS2) njengezinto zokusetshenziswa, ezenziwe nge-viscose, ngokuphotha, nangokuqiniswa.
4, ukuphrinta nokudaya:
Indwangu yekotini enokwelashwa kwesisombululo se-alkaline, ingasuswa ngendwangu yekotini embozwe nge-wax, amafutha, isitashi nezinye izinto, ngenkathi ikhulisa umbala we-mercerization wendwangu, ukuze ukudaya kufane kakhulu.
5, ukwenza insipho:
Ingxenye eyinhloko yensipho usawoti we-sodium wama-fatty acid athuthukile, ngokuvamile enziwa ngamafutha namaphilisi e-alkali njengezinto zokusetshenziswa ngokusebenzisa i-saponification reaction. Ngaphezu kosawoti we-fatty acid ophakeme, insipho iqukethe ne-rosin, ingilazi yamanzi, izinongo, amadayi nezinye izinto zokugcwalisa. Ngokwesakhiwo, i-fatty acid sodium ephezulu iqukethe ingxenye ye-hydrophobic engeyona i-polar (iqembu le-hydrocarbon) kanye nengxenye ye-polar hydrophilic (iqembu le-carboxyl). Iqembu le-hydrophobic linezakhiwo ze-oleophilic. Ngesikhathi sokugeza, amafutha odakeni ayavuselelwa futhi ahlakazwe abe amaconsi amancane kawoyela, futhi ngemva kokuthintana nensipho, iqembu le-hydrophobic (iqembu le-hydrocarbon) lama-molecule e-fatty acid sodium aphezulu lifakwa emaconsi kawoyela, futhi ama-molecule kawoyela ahlanganiswa ndawonye ngamandla e-van der Waals. Iqembu le-hydrophilic (iqembu le-carboxyl), elincibilika kalula emanzini, lelulwa ngaphandle kweconsi likawoyela bese lifakwa emanzini. Isithako esiyinhloko sensipho yi-NaOH, kodwa i-NaOH akuyona insipho. Isixazululo sayo samanzi sinamafutha futhi singasetshenziswa njengensipho. Insipho iyi-emulsifier. Isimiso siwukusabela kwe-saponification CH3CO0CH2CH3+NaOH=CH3COONa+CH3CH2OH, kanti i-CH3COONa iyisithako esisebenzayo ensipheni.
6, imboni yamakhemikhali:
Amanzi e-electrolytic asetshenziswa kuma-tablet alkali, ikakhulukazi ukulungiswa kosawoti we-sodium (njenge-borax, i-sodium silicate, i-sodium phosphate, i-sodium dichromate, i-sodium sulfite, njll.). Iphinde isetshenziswe ekuhlanganiseni udayi, izidakamizwa kanye nezinto eziphilayo.
7, imboni yezinsimbi:
Ngokuvamile ukuguqula ingxenye esebenzayo ye-ore ibe usawoti we-sodium oncibilikayo, ukuze kususwe ukungcola okungancibiliki, ngakho-ke, kuvame ukudingeka ukwengeza amaphilisi e-alkali. Isibonelo, enkambisweni yokuncibilikisa i-aluminium, kusetshenziswa ukulungiswa kwe-cryolite kanye nokwelashwa kwe-bauxite.
8, ukusetshenziswa kwe-lime ukuthuthukisa inhlabathi:
enhlabathini, ngoba izinto eziphilayo enqubweni yokubola zizokhiqiza ama-asidi e-organic, ukuguquka kwamaminerali nakho kungakhiqiza izinto ezine-acid. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa komanyolo ongeyona i-organic njenge-ammonium sulfate, i-ammonium chloride, njll., kuzokwenza inhlabathi ibe ne-acidic. Ukusebenzisa inani elifanele le-lime kunganciphisa i-asidi enhlabathini, kwenze inhlabathi ifanele ukukhula kwezitshalo, futhi kukhuthaze ukusabalala kwama-microorganisms. Ngemva kokwanda kwe-Ca2+ enhlabathini, kungakhuthaza ukuminyana kwe-colloid yenhlabathi, okusiza ekwakhekeni kwama-aggregates, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunganikeza i-calcin edingekayo ekukhuleni kwezitshalo.
9. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Alumina:
Isixazululo se-NaOH siyashiswa ukuze sincibilikise i-alumina ku-bauxite bese sithola i-sodium aluminisixazululo esihlanganisiwe. Ngemva kokuba isixazululo sihlukaniswe nensalela (udaka obomvu), izinga lokushisa liyehliswa, i-aluminium hydroxide ifakwa njengembewu yekristalu, ngemva kwesikhathi eside ixutshwa, i-sodium aluminate iyabola ibe yi-aluminium hydroxide, igezwe, bese ifakwa i-calcium ku-950 ~ 1200℃, kutholakala i-aluminium oxide eqediwe. Isixazululo ngemva kokunisela kwe-aluminium hydroxide sibizwa ngokuthi i-mother liquor, esikhishwa amanzi futhi sigxilwe futhi siphinde sisetshenziswe. Ngenxa yezakhiwo ezahlukene zekristalu ze-diaspore, i-diaspore kanye ne-diaspore, ukuncibilika kwazo kusisombululo se-caustic soda kuhluke kakhulu, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuhlinzeka ngezimo ezahlukene zokuncibilika, ikakhulukazi amazinga okushisa ahlukene okuncibilika. I-bauxite yohlobo lwe-diaspore ingancibilika ku-125 ~ 140C, kanti i-bauxite yohlobo lwe-diaspore ingancibilika ku-240 ~ 260℃ kanye nokwengezwa kwe-lime (3 ~ 7%).
10, izinto zobumba:
I-caustic soda endimeni yokukhiqiza i-ceramic inamaphuzu amabili: okokuqala, enkambisweni yokudubula i-ceramics, i-caustic soda njengesihlanzi. Okwesibili, ubuso be-ceramic evuthayo buzoklwebheka noma bube bukhali kakhulu, futhi ngemva kokuhlanza ngesisombululo se-caustic soda, ubuso be-ceramic buzoba bushelelezi.
11, ukubulala amagciwane:
ukuguquka kwamaprotheni egciwane. Lokhu kusetshenziselwa kakhulu ukuhlanza nokubulala amagciwane emabhodleleni embonini yewayini.
12, ngaphezu kwamanzi angcolile:
i-sodium oxide enamandla yokulungisa inani le-ph, ukwelashwa kwendle, ukuze izinsiza zokuvuselela kabusha.
13, amalungiselelo amakhemikhali, izithasiselo zezimboni:
I-alkali yamathebulethi isetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yezemithi ukwenza izixazululo zibe yi-alkali noma ukulungisa inani le-pH lezixazululo zezemithi.
14, i-electroplating, i-tungsten refinering.：
Amaphilisi e-alkali afakwe ku-metal plating njengesixazululo se-electroplating, adlala indima yomqhubi!
15, ukukhiqiza usilika, ukukhiqiza ukotini we-rayon.
16. Imboni yesikhumba (Isingeniso sokusetshenziswa okubili kwamaphilisi e-alkali):
(1) Ngenqubo yokuvuselela uketshezi lomlotha we-tannery waste, cwilisa bese ufaka isixazululo samanzi se-sodium sulfide enkambisweni yokukhulisa ekhona.
Phakathi kwezinyathelo ezimbili zokwelashwa kokucwilisa ngempuphu yelayimu, ukusetshenziswa kwesisombululo se-sodium hydroxide esingu-30% esinesisindo esingu-0.3-0.5% kuyandiswa ukuze kwenziwe i-fayibha yesikhumba ikhule ngokugcwele ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zenqubo futhi kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo eqediwe ngokuphelele.
(2) Njenge-alkaline medium kanye ne-neutralizer, engeza inani lamanzi ku-reactor, bese ushisa kufika ku-90 ° C ngomusi, uvuselele ngenkathi ufaka i-polyvinyl alcohol, bese upholisa kufika ku-80 ° C ngemva kokuba i-polyvinyl alcohol incibilike ngokuphelele. Ngemva kokuvuselela, engeza i-hydrochloric acid ku-trickle, qhubeka nokuvuselela imizuzu engama-20 kuya kwengama-30, bese ufaka inani lefomula lamanzi e-formuladehyde. Yigcine ifudumele ku-78~80℃, uyivumele ukuthi isabele imizuzu engama-40~50, engeza isisombululo se-sodium hydroxide esingu-10% esilungiselelwe ukuze sinciphise, siyipholise kufika ku-60~70℃, bese ufaka i-formula urea yokwelashwa kwama-amino, bese uhlunga isisombululo seglue ngenethi yentambo ukuze isetshenziswe ngokuqongelela.
17, imboni yamakhemikhali ye-polyester:
isetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwe-formic acid, i-oxalic acid, i-borax, i-phenol, i-sodium cyanide kanye nensipho, ama-fatty acid okwenziwa, insipho yokwenziwa, njll.
18, ukunyathelisa nokufaka udayi kwendwangu:
isetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokususa usayizi wekotini, i-ejenti yokubilisa, i-ejenti ye-mercerizing kanye nedayi yokunciphisa, i-Haichang blue dye solvent.
19, imboni yokuncibilikisa:
isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza i-aluminium hydroxide, i-aluminium oxide kanye ne-ejenti yokwelapha ubuso bensimbi.
20, imboni yezinsimbi zomculo,:
isetshenziswa njenge-neutralizer ye-asidi, i-ejenti yokususa umbala, i-ejenti yokususa iphunga.
21, imboni yokunamathela:
isetshenziswa njenge-starch gelatinizer, i-neutralizer.
22, ukukhiqiza i-phosphate, ukukhiqiza i-manganate.
23. Ukuvuselelwa kwerabha endala.
24, ingasetshenziswa njenge-citrus, i-peach peeling agent kanye ne-decolorizing agent, i-deodorant.
25, amaphilisi e-alkali asetshenziswa nasekukhiqizweni kwezibulala-zinambuzane.