Umphumela wokusetshenziswa kwe-PAC ekwelapheni amanzi kwesitshalo samandla esishisayo

1. Ukwelashwa kwamanzi okugcoba ngaphambi kokwelashwa

Amanzi emvelo avame ukuqukethe udaka, ubumba, i-humus kanye nezinye izinto ezilengayo kanye nokungcola kwe-colloidal kanye namagciwane, isikhunta, ulwelwe, amagciwane kanye nezinye izinto ezincane, anokuqina okuthile emanzini, yimbangela eyinhloko yokugcwala kwamanzi, umbala kanye nephunga. Lezi zinto eziphilayo eziningi zingena ku-ion exchanger, zingcolise i-resin, zinciphise amandla okushintshana kwe-resin, futhi zithinte ngisho nekhwalithi yokungcola kohlelo lokususa usawoti. Ukwelashwa kokuqina, ukucaciswa kokuhlala kanye nokwelashwa kokuhlunga ukususa lokhu kungcola njengenhloso eyinhloko, ukuze okuqukethwe kwezinto ezilengayo emanzini kuncishiswe kube ngaphansi kuka-5mg/L, okungukuthi, ukuthola amanzi acwengekile. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukwelashwa kwangaphambili kwamanzi. Ngemva kokwelashwa kwangaphambili, amanzi angasetshenziswa njengamanzi okubhoyila kuphela lapho usawoti oncibilikisiwe emanzini ususwa ngokushintshana kwe-ion kanye namagesi ancibilikisiwe emanzini esuswa ngokushisa noma ngokususa uthuli noma ngokufutha. Uma lokhu kungcola kungasuswa kuqala, ukwelashwa okulandelayo (ukususa usawoti) akukwazi ukwenziwa. Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa kokuqina kwamanzi kuyisixhumanisi esibalulekile enqubweni yokwelashwa kwamanzi.

Inqubo yokwelapha ngaphambi kokwelashwa kwesitshalo samandla okushisa imi kanje: amanzi angavuthiwe → ukujiya → ukuchelela kanye nokucacisa → ukuhlunga. Ama-coagulant avame ukusetshenziswa enkambisweni yokujiya yi-polyaluminum chloride, i-polyferric sulfate, i-aluminium sulfate, i-ferric trichloride, njll. Okulandelayo ikakhulukazi kwethula ukusetshenziswa kwe-polyaluminum chloride.

I-Polyaluminum chloride, ebizwa ngokuthi i-PAC, isekelwe ku-aluminium ash noma amaminerali e-aluminium njengezinto zokusetshenziswa, ekushiseni okuphezulu kanye nokucindezela okuthile nge-alkali kanye ne-aluminium reaction ekhiqizwa yi-polymer, izinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza ihlukile, imininingwane yomkhiqizo ayifani. Ifomula yama-molecule ye-PAC [Al2(OH)nCI6-n]m, lapho u-n angaba khona yinoma iyiphi inombolo ephakathi kuka-1 no-5, kanti u-m uyinombolo ephelele yeqoqo 10. I-PAC iza ngezindlela eziqinile neziwuketshezi.

2. Indlela yokujiya

Kunemiphumela emithathu eyinhloko yama-coagulant ezinhlayiyeni ze-colloidal emanzini: ukungathathi hlangothi kukagesi, ukubopha i-adsorption kanye nokushanela. Yimuphi kule miphumela emithathu oyinhloko oncike ohlotsheni kanye nomthamo we-coagulant, uhlobo kanye nokuqukethwe kwezinhlayiya ze-colloidal emanzini, kanye nenani le-pH lamanzi. Indlela yokusebenza kwe-polyaluminum chloride ifana neye-aluminium sulfate, futhi ukuziphatha kwe-aluminium sulfate emanzini kubhekisela enqubweni ye-Al3+ yokukhiqiza izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-hydrolyzed.

I-Polyaluminum chloride ingabhekwa njengemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene ephakathi enqubweni ye-hydrolysis kanye ne-polymerization ye-aluminium chloride ibe yi-Al(OH)3 ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Itholakala ngqo emanzini ngesimo sezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-polymeric kanye ne-A1(OH)a(s), ngaphandle kwenqubo ye-hydrolysis ye-Al3+.

3. Izici zokusetshenziswa kanye nethonya

1. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi linethonya elisobala emphumeleni wokwelashwa kokujiya. Uma izinga lokushisa lamanzi liphansi, i-hydrolysis ye-coagulant iba nzima kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma izinga lokushisa lamanzi liphansi kune-5℃, izinga le-hydrolysis lihamba kancane, kanti i-flocculant eyakhiwe inesakhiwo esixegayo, okuqukethwe kwamanzi amaningi kanye nezinhlayiya ezincane. Uma izinga lokushisa lamanzi liphansi, ukuxazululwa kwezinhlayiya ze-colloidal kuyakhuliswa, isikhathi se-flocculation side, kanye nezinga le-sedimentation lihamba kancane. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa lamanzi elingu-25~30℃ lifaneleka kakhulu.

2. Inani le-pH lamanzi

Inqubo ye-hydrolysis ye-polyaluminum chloride iyinqubo yokukhululwa okuqhubekayo kwe-H+. Ngakho-ke, ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukene ze-pH, kuzoba nezindlela ezihlukene ze-hydrolysis, futhi inani le-pH elihle kakhulu lokwelashwa kwe-polyaluminum chloride coagulation ngokuvamile liphakathi kuka-6.5 no-7.5. Umphumela we-coagulation uphakeme ngalesi sikhathi.

3. Isilinganiso se-coagulant

Uma inani le-coagulant elingeziwe linganele, ukugcwala okusele emanzini akhishwayo kuba kukhulu. Uma inani likhulu kakhulu, ngoba izinhlayiya ze-colloidal emanzini zimunca i-coagulant eningi, i-charge property yezinhlayiya ze-colloidal iyashintsha, okuholela ekutheni ukugcwala okusele emanzini angcolile kukhuphuke futhi. Inqubo yokugcwala akuyona indlela elula yokusabela kwamakhemikhali, ngakho-ke umthamo odingekayo awukwazi ukunqunywa ngokuya ngokubalwa, kodwa kufanele unqunywe ngokuya ngekhwalithi ethile yamanzi ukuze kunqunywe umthamo ofanele; Uma ikhwalithi yamanzi ishintsha ngokwezinkathi, umthamo kufanele ulungiswe ngokufanele.

4. I-Contact medium

Enkambisweni yokwelashwa kokujiya noma okunye ukwelashwa kwemvula, uma kukhona inani elithile lengqimba yodaka emanzini, umphumela wokwelashwa kokujiya ungathuthukiswa kakhulu. Kunganikeza indawo enkulu ebusweni, ngokusebenzisa ukumuncwa, i-catalysis kanye ne-crystallization core, kuthuthukise umphumela wokwelashwa kokujiya.

Ukuchelela ngamanzi okujiyile kuyindlela esetshenziswa kabanzi yokwelapha amanzi njengamanje. Imboni ye-polyaluminum chloride isetshenziswa njenge-flocculant yokwelapha amanzi, esebenza kahle kakhulu nge-coagulant, i-floc enkulu, umthamo omncane, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, imvula esheshayo, ububanzi bokusetshenziswa okubanzi nezinye izinzuzo, uma kuqhathaniswa nomthamo wendabuko we-flocculant ungancishiswa ngo-1/3 ~ 1/2, izindleko zingagcinwa ngo-40%. Uma kuhlanganiswa nokusebenza kwesihlungi esingenama-valve kanye nesihlungi se-carbon esisebenzayo, ukungcoliswa kwamanzi aluhlaza kuncishiswa kakhulu, ikhwalithi yokungcola kohlelo lwe-desalt iyathuthukiswa, futhi amandla okushintshana kwe-resin ye-desalt nawo ayakhuphuka, futhi izindleko zokusebenza ziyancishiswa.