Izakhiwo zomzimba kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-calcium chloride

I-Calcium chloride ingusawoti owakhiwe ama-ion e-chloride nama-calcium ions.I-Anhydrous calcium chloride inomswakama oqinile, osetshenziswa njenge-desiccant yezinto ezihlukahlukene, ngaphezu kothuli lomgwaqo, ukuthuthukiswa kwenhlabathi, isiqandisi, i-ejenti yokuhlanza amanzi, i-agent yokunamathisela.Kuyi-reagent yamakhemikhali esetshenziswa kabanzi, izinto zokusetshenziswa zemithi, izithasiselo zokudla, izithasiselo zokuphakelayo nezinto zokusetshenziswa zokwakha i-calcium yensimbi.

Izakhiwo zomzimba ze-calcium chloride

I-Calcium chloride iyi-cubic crystal engenambala, emhlophe noma emhlophe, i-granular, i-honeycomb block, i-spheroid, i-granular engajwayelekile, iyimpuphu.Iphuzu elincibilikayo lingu-782°C, ukuminyana ngu-1.086 g/mL ku-20 °C, iphoyinti elibilayo lingu-1600°C, ukuncibilika kwamanzi 740 g/L.Inobuthi kancane, ayinaphunga, inambitheka ebabayo.I-hygroscopic ngokwedlulele futhi iphuke kalula uma ibekwe emoyeni.
Incibilika kalula emanzini, kuyilapho ikhulula inani elikhulu lokushisa (i-calcium chloride dissolution enthalpy ye -176.2cal/g), isixazululo sayo esinamanzi sine-asidi kancane.Incibilika kutshwala, i-acetone, i-acetic acid.Isabela nge-ammonia noma i-ethanol, izakhiwo ze-CaCl2 · 8NH3 kanye ne-CaCl2 · 4C2H5OH zakhiwa, ngokulandelana.Emazingeni okushisa aphansi, isixazululo siyacwebezela bese sincipha njenge-hexahydrate, encibilika kancane kancane emanzini ayo ayikristalu lapho ishiselwa ku-30 ​​° C, futhi kancane kancane ilahlekelwa amanzi lapho ishiselwa ku-200 ° C, futhi iba yi-dihydrate lapho ishiselwa ku-260 ° C. , eba yi-calcium chloride emhlophe enezimbotshana ezinezimbotshana.

I-Anhydrous calcium chloride

I-1, izakhiwo ezingokoqobo namakhemikhali: ikristalu eyi-cubic engenambala, ibhulokhi enezimbotshana emhlophe noma emhlophe noma okuqinile okuyimbudumbudu.Ukuminyana okuhlobene kungu-2.15, indawo yokuncibilika ingu-782 ℃, indawo yokubilisa ingaphezulu kuka-1600 ℃, i-hygrhygability inamandla kakhulu, kulula ukuyilungisa, kulula ukuyincibilika emanzini, kuyilapho ikhulula ukushisa okuningi, iphunga, ukunambitheka okubabayo kancane, isixazululo se-aqueous sine-acidic kancane, sincibilika otshwaleni, uviniga we-acrylic, i-acetic acid.

2, ukusetshenziswa komkhiqizo: Kuyi-ejenti enciphisa ukukhiqizwa kombala wechibi lombala.Ukukhiqizwa kwe-nitrogen, igesi ye-acetylene, i-hydrogen chloride, i-oxygen nezinye i-gas desiccant.Utshwala, ama-ether, ama-esters nama-acrylic resins asetshenziswa njengama-ejenti aqeda amanzi, futhi izixazululo zabo ezinamanzi ziyiziqandisi ezibalulekile zamafriji neziqandisi.Ingakwazi ukusheshisa ukuqina kukakhonkolo, ikhulise ukumelana nokubanda kodaka lukasimende, futhi iyi-ejenti evimbela ukuqhwala.Isetshenziswa njenge-ejenti evikelayo ye-aluminium magnesium metallurgy, i-ejenti yokucwenga.

Faka i-calcium chloride

1, izakhiwo ezingokomzimba namakhemikhali: ikristalu engenambala, lo mkhiqizo umhlophe, ikristalu emhlophe.Ukunambitheka okubabayo, i-deliquescent enamandla.
Ubuningi bayo obuhlobene bungu-0.835, buncibilika kalula emanzini, isixazululo saso esinamanzi asithathi hlangothi noma sine-alkaline kancane, siyagqwala, sincibilika otshwaleni futhi asincibiliki ku-ether, futhi siphelelwa amanzi sibe yi-anhydrous uma sishiselwa ku-260 ℃.Ezinye izakhiwo zamakhemikhali zifana ne-anhydrous calcium chloride.

2, umsebenzi kanye nokusetshenziswa: i-flake calcium chloride esetshenziswa njengesiqandisi;I-agent ye-antifreeze;Iqhwa elincibilikisiwe noma iqhwa;Ama-flame retardants okuqeda nokuqeda izindwangu zekotini;Izilondolozi zezinkuni;Ukukhiqizwa kwerabha njenge-ejenti yokugoqa;Isitashi esihlanganisiwe sisetshenziswa njenge-gluing agent.

Isixazululo samanzi se-calcium chloride

Isixazululo se-calcium chloride sinezici ze-conductivity, indawo yokuqandisa ephansi kunamanzi, ukuchithwa kokushisa lapho uthintana namanzi, futhi inomsebenzi ongcono wokukhangayo, futhi indawo yayo ephansi yokuqandisa ingasetshenziswa ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zokukhiqiza izimboni nasezindaweni zomphakathi.

Indima yesisombululo se-calcium chloride:

1. I-alkaline: I-calcium ion hydrolysis iyi-alkaline, futhi i-hydrogen chloride iyashintshashintsha ngemva kwe-chloride ion hydrolysis.
2, conduction: kukhona ions kwisixazululo ukuthi ungakwazi ukuhamba ngokukhululeka.
3, indawo yokuqandisa: indawo yokuqandisa ye-calcium chloride iphansi kunamanzi.
4, indawo abilayo: calcium chloride isixazululo aqueous iphuzu abilayo lingaphezu kwamanzi.
5, ukuhwamuka kwecrystallization: i-calcium chloride yesisombululo samanzi ukuhwamuka kwecrystallization ukuze ibe semkhathini ogcwele i-hydrogen chloride.

I-Desiccant

I-Calcium chloride ingasetshenziswa njenge-desiccant noma i-ejenti eqeda amanzi emzimbeni wamagesi noketshezi oluphilayo.Kodwa-ke, ngeke isetshenziselwe ukomisa i-ethanol ne-ammonia, ngoba i-ethanol ne-ammonia zisabela nge-calcium chloride ukwenza i-alcohol complex CaCl2 · 4C2H5OH kanye ne-ammonia complex CaCl2 · 8NH3, ngokulandelana.I-anhydrous calcium chloride ingenziwa futhi ibe yimikhiqizo yasendlini esetshenziswa njenge-agent ye-hygroscopic yomoya, i-anhydrous calcium chloride njenge-ejenti yokumunca amanzi ivunyelwe yi-FDA yokugqoka usizo lokuqala, indima yayo ukuqinisekisa ukoma kwesilonda.
Ngenxa yokuthi i-calcium chloride ayithathi hlangothi, ingomisa amagesi ane-asidi noma ane-alkaline noketshezi oluphilayo, kodwa futhi elabhorethri ukwenza inani elincane lamagesi afana ne-nitrogen, umoya-mpilo, i-hydrogen, i-hydrogen chloride, i-sulphur dioxide, isikhutha, i-nitrogen dioxide, njll. ., lapho womisa la magesi akhiqizwayo.I-Granular anhydrous calcium chloride ivame ukusetshenziswa njenge-desiccant ukugcwalisa amapayipi okomisa, futhi i-algae enkulu (noma umlotha wasolwandle) omisiwe nge-calcium chloride ingasetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwe-soda ash.Amanye ama-dehumidifiers asendlini asebenzisa i-calcium chloride ukuze amunce umswakama ovela emoyeni.
I-anhydrous calcium chloride isakazwa phezu komgwaqo oyisihlabathi, futhi impahla ye-hygroscopic ye-anhydrous calcium chloride isetshenziselwa ukuminyanisa umswakama osemoyeni lapho umswakama womoya uphansi kunephuzu lamazolo ukugcina umgwaqo umanzi, ukuze ulawule. uthuli emgwaqeni.