Amakhemikhali nenqubo yokususa i-ammonia nitrogen emanzini

1.Yini i-ammonia nitrogen?

I-Ammonia Nitrogen isho i-ammonia ngesimo se-ammonia yamahhala (noma i-nonic ammonia, NH3) noma i-Ionic Ammonia (NH4 +). I-PHP ephakeme ngengxenye ephakeme ye-ammonia yamahhala; Ngokuphambene nalokho, ingxenye kasawoti ka-ammonium iphakeme.

I-Ammonia Nitrogen iyizakhi zamanzi emanzini, ezingaholela ekutholweni kwamanzi, futhi ingumuntu ophilayo oyinhloko odla amanzi emanzini, okunobuthi ezinhlanzi nasezintweni ezithile zasemanzini.

Umphumela omkhulu olimazayo we-ammonia nitrogen ezintweni eziphilayo zasemanzini kumahhala i-ammonia yamahhala, amahlandla akhe amahlandla amaningi aphezulu kunaleso se-ammonium usawoti, futhi anda ngokwanda kwe-alkalinity. Ubuthi be-ammonia nitrogen buhlobene kakhulu nevelu ye-PH kanye nokushisa kwamanzi kwamanzi echibi, ngokuvamile, kukhuphuka inani le-PH kanye nokushisa kwamanzi, ubuthi.

Izindlela ezimbili ezilinganiselwa ezilinganiswayo ze-Cotimetric Izindlela ezisetshenziselwa ukunquma i-Amonia iyindlela yasendulo ye-Nessler Reagent nendlela ye-Phenol-hypochlorite. Izindlela zokugcina kanye nezindlela zikagesi zivame ukusetshenziswa ukunquma i-ammonia; Lapho okuqukethwe kwe-ammonia nitrogen kuphezulu, indlela yokuthambisa kwe-distillation nayo ingasetshenziswa. (Amazinga Kazwelonke afaka indlela ye-Nath Reagent, iSalicylic acid Spectrophotometry, i-distillation - indlela yokuthathwa)

Inqubo yokususa yokususa ye-vitrogen ne-chemical

① Indlela ye-Chemigical Pregipitation

Indlela ye-Chemigical Precipitation, eyaziwa nangokusho kweMephu ye-Precistage, ukwengeza i-Magnesium ne-phosphoric acid noma i-hydrogen phosphate kumanzi angcolile aqukethe i-ammonia nitrogen, ukuze i-NH4 + kwikhambi elinamanzi, ifomula yama-molefanelar Mgn4p04.6h20, ukuze kufinyelelwe inhloso yokususa i-ammonia nitrogen. I-Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-STRUVITE, ingasetshenziswa njengomquba, isengezo senhlabathi noma isibuyiseli somlilo sokwakha imikhiqizo yokwakheka. I-equation yokuphendula imi kanje:

MG ++ NH4 + + PO4 - = MGNH4P04

Izici eziphambili ezithinta umphumela wokwelashwa kwemvula yamakhemikhali ngenani le-PH, izinga lokushisa, i-ammonia nitrogen okuhlushwa kanye ne-molar ratio (n (Mg +): n (pp4-) Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi lapho inani le-PH liyisilinganiso esingu-10 nesi-molar se-magnesium, i-nitrogen ne-phosphorus ingu-1.2: 1: 1.2, umphumela wokwelapha ungcono.

Usebenzisa i-Magnesium Chloride ne-Dirodium hydrogen phosphate njengama-ejenti anezinkinga, imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi umphumela wethethina ungcono lapho inani le-PH lingu-9.5 kanye ne-phospholar ye-magnesium, i-nitrogen ne-phosphorus ingu-1.2: 1: 1.

Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi i-MGC12 + NA3PO4.12h20 iphakeme kunenye inhlanganisela ye-ejenti ye-ejenti. Lapho inani le-PH lingu-10.0, izinga lokushisa lingu-30 ℃, N (MG +): N (NH44 +) = 1: 1: 1) = 1: 1)

Indlela ye-Chemical Precitage Yamakhemikhali kanye ne-Fiwetshene Membrane yahlanganiswa nokwelashwa kwamanzi aphezulu e-ammonia nitrogen aphezulu. Ngaphansi kwezimo zokwenza kahle kwenqubo yemvula, isilinganiso sokususa i-ammonia nitrogen safinyelela ku-98.1

Umphumela wokususwa kwama-ion e-waltalent wensimbi (ni +, mn +, i-zn +, i-cu +, i-FE +) ngaphandle kwe-mg + e-ammonia nitrogen ngaphansi kwesenzo se-phosphate waphenywa. Inqubo entsha ye-Caso4 Preapitaturation-Map Map yahlongozwa kumanzi amdaka anmonium. Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi umlawuli wendabuko Nao angathathelwa indawo yi-Lime.

Inzuzo yendlela yemvula yamakhemikhali ukuthi lapho ukugcwala kwamanzi amdaka i-ammonia kuphezulu, ukusetshenziswa kwezinye izindlela kunqunyelwe, njengendlela yokuhlukanisa, indlela yokuhlukaniswa kwe-membrane, indlela yokushintshana kwe-ion, indlela yokushintshana kwamakhemikhali ingasetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwangaphambili. Ukusebenza kahle kokususa kwendlela yemvula yamakhemikhali kungcono, futhi akunqunyelwe izinga lokushisa, futhi ukusebenza kulula. I-sludge ebekiwe equkethe i-magnesium ammonium phosphate ingasetshenziswa njengomanyolo oyinhlanganisela ukubona ukusetshenziswa kwemfucuza, ngakho-ke kulungiswa ingxenye yezindleko; Uma kungahlanganiswa namanye amabhizinisi wezimboni akhiqiza amanzi angcolile we-phosphate kanye namabhizinisi akhiqiza ama-Brine kasawoti, angasindisa izindleko zemithi futhi akwazi ukwenza lula uhlelo olukhulu.

Ukungathandeki kwendlela yemvula yamakhemikhali yilokho ngenxa yemikhawulo yomkhiqizo we-solubity we-ammonium phosphate, ngemuva kokuthi i-ammonia nitrogen emanzi amdaka. Ngakho-ke, indlela yemvula yamakhemikhali kufanele isetshenziswe ngokuhlanganiswa nezinye izindlela ezilungele ukwelashwa okuthuthukile. Inani le-reagent elisetshenzisiwe likhulu, i-sludge ekhiqizwayo inkulu, futhi izindleko zokwelashwa ziphezulu. Ukwethulwa kwe-chloride ion kanye ne-phosphorus esele ngesikhathi sokudla kwamakhemikhali kungadala ukungcola kwesibili.

Umkhiqizi we-Aluminium Sulfate Sulfate kanye nomhlinzeki | I-everBright (cnchemist.com)

Umkhiqizi we-Wholesale dibasic phosphate kanye nomphakeli | I-everBright (cnchemist.com)

②Blow Off indlela

Ukususwa kwe-ammonia nitrogen nge-Blowing Method ukuguqula inani le-PH liya e-Alkalia, ukuze i-ammonia ion emanzini angcolile iguqulwa e-ammonia, ukuze i-ammonia ikhishwe kakhulu ku-ammonia nitrogen. Izici eziyinhloko ezithinta ukusebenza kahle kokushaya yinani le-PH, izinga lokushisa, isilinganiso segesi-liquid, isilinganiso sokugeleza kwegesi, ukugxilwa kokuqala nokunye. Njengamanje, indlela ye-Blow-off isetshenziswa kabanzi ekwelapheni kwamanzi amdaka ngokugxilwa okuphezulu kwe-ammonia nitrogen.

Ukususwa kwe-ammonia nitrogen kusuka ku-landfill leachate ngendlela ye-blow-off kwafundwa. Kutholakale ukuthi izinto ezibalulekile zilawula ukusebenza kahle kokushiswa kwezinga lokushisa, isilinganiso segesi-ketshezi kanye nenani le-pH. Lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi likhulu kune-2590, isilinganiso segesi-ketshezi singaba ngu-3500, futhi i-ph icishe ibe ngu-10500, isilinganiso sokususa singafinyelela ngaphezu kwe-90% yokuhluzwa kwe-ammonia nitrogen kuphakama ku-2000-4000mg / l. Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi lapho i-PH = 11.5, Ukuhlanza izinga lokushisa kuyinto engu-80cc ne-string time kuyinto engu-120min, isilinganiso sokususa i-ammonia nitrogen emanzi angcolile singafinyelela kuma-99.2%.

Ukusebenza okushayayo kwamanzi amakhulu ahlushwa i-ammonia uNmoni Imiphumela ikhombisile ukuthi ukusebenza kwe-Blowing-off kukhuphuke ngokwanda kwenani le-PH. Isilinganiso esikhulu segesi-ketshezi, amandla amakhulu okushayela e-ammonia ukuhlubula ukudluliswa kwabantu abaningi, futhi ukusebenza kahle kokudonsa nakho kuyanda.

Ukususwa kwe-ammonia nitrogen ngendlela yokuqhuma kuyasebenza, kulula ukusebenza futhi kulula ukuyilawula. I-Ammonmia Nitrogen yaseBlown Ammonmia ingasetshenziswa njenge-absorber nge-sulfuric acid, kanye ne-Sulfuric Acid Money ekhiqizwayo ingasetshenziswa njengomanyolo. Indlela ye-Blow Off yizolo zobuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa kakhulu bokususwa kwe-nitrogen ngokomzimba nangamakhemikhali okwamanje. Kodwa-ke, indlela ye-Blow-Off inezinto ezithile ezinzima, ezinjengokukala njalo embhoshongweni we-blow-off, i-ammonia nitrogen ukususa ukusebenza kahle emazingeni okushisa aphansi, kanye nokungcoliswa kwesibili okubangelwa igesi evuthayo. Indlela ye-Blow Off ihlanganiswa nezinye izindlela ze-ammonia nitrogen wastewaters archerater izindlela kuma-hyrleat high-grandract anmonia nitrogen wachitha amanzi.

③break point chlorination

Indlela yokususwa kwe-ammonia nge-break point chlorination ngukuthi i-chlorine gesi iphendula nge-ammonia ukukhiqiza igesi ye-nitrogen engenangozi, futhi i-N2 ibalekela emkhathini, okwenza umthombo wokuphendula uqhubeke ngakwesokunene. Ifomula yokuphendula yile:

Hocl NH4 + + 1.5 -> 0.5 N2 N2 H20 H ++ CL - 1.5 + 2.5 + 1.5)

Lapho igesi ye-chlorine idluliselwa emanzini angcolile iphume iphuzu elithile, okuqukethwe kwe-chlorine yamahhala emanzini kuphansi, futhi ukugcwala kwe-ammonia kungu-zero. Lapho inani legesi le-chlorine lidlula iphuzu, inani le-chlorine yamahhala emanzini lizokwanda, ngakho-ke, iphuzu libizwa ngokuthi iphuzu lekhefu, futhi i-chlorination kulesi simo ibizwa nge-chlorination yekhefu.

Indlela ye-chlorination ye-Break Point isetshenziselwa ukwelapha amanzi angcolile ngemuva kokushaywa kwamanzi okushayela ngemuva kokushaywa kwe-ammonia nitrogen, futhi umphumela wokwelashwa uthintwe ngqo yinqubo yokuqhakambisa i-ammonia nitrogen. Lapho ama-70% e-ammonia nitrogen emanzi angcolile asuswa ngenqubo yokushaya bese ephethwe yi-Break Point Chlorination, ukugcotshwa kwabantu abaningi i-ammonia nitrogen ku-anluent kungaphansi kwe-15mg / l. UZhang Shengli et al. Uthathe amanzi e-ammonia nitrogen ancishiswe i-anmonia nitrogen ihlumela i-100mg / l njengento yocwaningo, futhi imiphumela yocwaningo ikhombisa ukuthi izinto eziphambili nezesibili zithinta ukususwa kwe-ammonia nitrogen, isikhathi sokuphendula, isikhathi se-PH.

Indlela ye-chlorination ye-Break Point inokusebenza kahle okuphezulu kwe-nitrogen, isilinganiso sokususa singafinyelela ku-100%, futhi i-ammonia okugxilisa emanzini angcolile ingancishiswa ibe ngu-zero. Umphumela uzinzile futhi awuthinteki ngokushisa; Imishini yokutshala imali encane, impendulo esheshayo nephelele; Inomphumela wokuhlanzeka kanye nokubulala amagciwane emzimbeni wamanzi. Ububanzi bokusebenzisa kwekhefu le-Chitrorination Methos ukuthi i-Ammonia Nitrogen Wastewater ingaphansi kwama-40mg / l, ngakho-ke indlela ye-chlorination yekhefu isetshenziselwa ukwelashwa okuthuthukile kwe-ammonia nitrogen wastewater. Isidingo sokusebenzisa okuphephile nokugcina siphezulu, izindleko zokwelashwa ziphezulu, futhi imikhiqizo ye-chloramines nemikhiqizo ye-chlorinated izodala ukungcoliswa kwesibili.

Indlela ye-Oxidation ye-Oxidarytic

Indlela ye-catalytic oxidation isebenza nge-catalyst, ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa elithile nengcindezi, ngokusebenzisa i-air oxidation, i-organic facton kanye ne-ammonia lapho kuthundle khona indle futhi kubulekele indlebe, ukufeza inhloso yokuhlanzwa.

Izici ezithinta umphumela we-catalytic oxidation yizimpawu ze-catalyst, izinga lokushisa, isikhathi sokuphendula, i-ph value, i-ammonia nitrogen ukugxila, ingcindezi, ukuqina okuvusa amandla nokunye.

Inqubo yokucekelwa phansi ye-ammonia nitrogen yafundwa. Imiphumela ikhombisile ukuthi lapho inani le-PH lenyuka, uhlobo lwe-ho radical enekhono eliqinile le-oxidation, futhi isilinganiso se-oxidation sasheshiswa kakhulu. Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi i-ozone ingakwazi i-ammonia nitrogen kwiNitrite ne-nitrite ukuze nilandzelwe. Ukuhlushwa kwe-ammonia nitrogen emanzini kuncipha ngokwanda kwesikhathi, futhi izinga lokususa le-ammonia nitrogen licishe libe ngu-82%. I-CUO-MN02-CE02 yayisetshenziswa njenge-composite catalyst yokwelapha i-ammonia nitrogen wastewater. Imiphumela yokuhlola ikhombisa ukuthi umsebenzi we-oxidation we-catalyst entsha elungiselelwe yathuthukiswa kakhulu, futhi izimo zenqubo ezifanele zingama-255 ℃, 4.2MPA kanye no-Ph = 10.8. Ekwelapheni kwe-ammonia nitrogen wachitha amanzi nokuhlushwa kokuqala kwe-1023mg / l, izinga lokususa le-ammonia nitrogen lingafinyelela kuma-98% kungakapheli ama-150min (50mg / l)

Ukusebenza kwe-catalytic kwe-zeolite okusekelwa i-tio2 photocatalyst kuphenywe ngokutadisha inani lokucekelwa phansi kwe-ammonia nitrogen ku-sulfuric acid solution. Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi umthamo ofanele we-ti02 / zeolite photocatalyst yi-1.5g / L kanye nesikhathi sokuphendula ngu-4h ngaphansi kwe-ultraviolet irradiation. Izinga lokususa le-ammonia nitrogen elivela emanzini angcolile lingafinyelela kuma-98.92%. Umphumela wokususa wensimbi ephezulu ne-nano-chin dioxide ngaphansi kwesibani se-ultraviolet ku-phenol ne-ammonia nitrogen safundwa. Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi izinga lokususa le-ammonia nitrogen lingama-97,5% lapho i-PH = 9.0 isetshenziswa kwisixazululo se-ammonia nitrogen nge-50MG / L, okuyi-7.5% ephakeme kunaleyo yensimbi ephezulu noma i-chine dioxide yodwa.

Indlela ye-Catalytic oxidation inezinzuzo zokusebenza kahle okuhlanjululweni, inqubo elula, indawo encane engezansi, njll., Futhi ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-ammonia nitrogen wastewater. Ubunzima bohlelo lokusebenza ukuthi ungakuvimbela kanjani ukulahleka kokuvikelwa kokuqina kokuqina kwemishini.

Indlela ye-⑤Electrochemical oxidation

Indlela ye-electrochemical oxidation isho indlela yokususa ukungcola emanzini ngokusebenzisa i-electrooxidation ngomsebenzi we-catalytic. Izici ezithonyayo zingubuningi bamanje, izinga lokugeleza kwe-inlet, isikhathi sokuphuma kanye nesikhathi sokhambi.

I-electrochemical oxidation of ammonia-nitrogen wachitha amanzi e-electrolytic ye-electrolytic ye-electrolyating yafundwa, lapho ugesi wenethiwekhi okhona Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi lapho i-chloride ion okuhlushwa yi-400mg / l, i-ammonia nitrogen okuhlushwa yi-40mg / l, inani lama-electrolytic lingu-90min, i-ammonia nitrogen Isikhathi sokususa, i-Ammonia Nitrogen Rate ingama-99.37%. Kubonisa ukuthi i-electrolytic oxidation of ammonia-nitrogen wastewater inethemba lesicelo esihle.

3. Inqubo yokususa ye-biochemical nitrogen yokususa

①I-nitrrization yonke ne-denitrication

I-NitTrification ephelele ye-NitTrification kanye ne-Denitrication uhlobo lwendlela yemvelo eye yasetshenziswa kabanzi isikhathi eside njengamanje. Iguqula i-ammonia nitrogen kumanzi amdaka e-nitrogen ngokusebenzisa uchungechunge lokuphendula okufana nokucaciswa kanye nokuchazwa ngaphansi kwesenzo sama-microorganisms ahlukahlukene, ukuze kufinyelelwe inhloso yokwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile. Inqubo ye-nitrification and denitrication ukususa i-ammonia nitrogen idinga ukubhekana nezigaba ezimbili:

Ukusabela kwe-nitrobication: Ukusabela kwe-nitrobication kuqediwe ama-aerobic autororrophic microorganisms. Esimweni se-aerobic, i-inorganic nitrogen isetshenziswa njengomthombo we-nitrogen ukuguqula i-NH4 + ibe yi-no2-, bese i-oxidised to no3-. Inqubo ye-nitrrification ingahlukaniswa izigaba ezimbili. Esigabeni sesibili, i-nitrite iguqulwa ibe yi-nitrate (no3-) ngama-bacterium ama-nitrote, futhi i-nitrite iguqulwe yaba yi-nitrate (no3-) ngamagciwane e-nitrote.

Ukusabela kwe-Denitrication: ukusabela kwe-denitrication kuyinqubo lapho inika ama-bacterium anciphisa i-nitrogen ye-nitrite nitrogen bese unikezela i-nitrogen ku-gaseous nitrogen (N2) esifundazweni se-hypoxia. I-Denitrifying bacteria i-heterotrophic microorganisms, iningi lazo elingamagciwane ama-Amphictic. Esifundazweni se-hypoxia, basebenzisa i-oksijini ekwamukelweni kwe-elektroni kanye ne-organic ndaba (isakhi sendle (i-sodic nto endle yokukhuculiswa kwendle) njengomnikeli we-elektronoli ukuhlinzeka amandla futhi uqiniswe futhi uzinze.

Izinhlelo Zobunjiniyela Zobunjiniyela be-NitTrification and DenitRification Engineering ikakhulukazi zifaka i-AO, A2O, i-Oxidation DICTICT, njll., Okuyindlela evuthiwe esetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yokususa i-nitrogen.

Indlela yonke ye-nitter and denitrafication inezinzuzo zokuzinza, ukusebenza okulula, akukho ukungcoliswa kwesibili nezindleko eziphansi. Le ndlela ibuye ibe nezingqinamba ezithile, njengokuthi umthombo wekhabhoni kufanele wengezwe lapho isilinganiso se-C / N emazingeni aphansi, i-autright likhulu, futhi i-oxygen isidingo esisezingeni eliphansi, futhi i-oxygen isidingo esisezingeni eliphansi, futhi i-oxygen isidingo esimaphakathi se-microorganisms, esidinga ukususwa ngaphambi kwendlela yemvelo yenziwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugxila okuphezulu kwe-ammonia nitrogen emanzi angcolile nakho kunomthelela ovimbela kwinqubo ye-nitter. Ngakho-ke, ukwenziwa kokuhle kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokuphathwa kwamanzi aphezulu akwa-ammonia nitrogen wamchitha amanzi ukuze ukugcwaliseka kwamanzi akwa-ammonia nitrogen kungaphansi kwama-500mg / l. Indlela yendabuko yendabuko ilungele ukwelashwa kwamanzi aphansi we-ammonia nitrogen aqukethe izinto eziphilayo, njengokukhucululwa kwendle ezifuywayo, amanzi angcolile amakhemikhali, njll.

I-nitrietification ye-nitrimication efanayo ne-denitrication (SND)

Lapho i-niticrification and denitrication yenziwa ndawonye kwi-reactiotor efanayo, ibizwa ngokuthi yi-Mencrifition yokugaya ngasikhathi sinye (i-SND). I-oksijini encibilikisiwe e-wandgen ikhawulelwe yizinga lokuphazamiseka ukukhiqiza i-oxygen ecijile endaweni ye-microbial on the microbial floc noma i-biofilm, okusakazwa ama-bacterium aerobic nucteria. Ukujula ku-Floc noma ulwelwesi, ukwehlisa ukugcwala komoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe, okuholela ekutheni i-anoxic sone lapho ukunika amandla kubusa khona. Ngaleyo ndlela ukwakha ukugaya ngasikhathi ngasikhathi ngasikhathi ngasikhathi sinye kanye nenqubo yokudilizwa. Izici ezithinta ukugaya ngasikhathi sinye kanye ne-denitrication yinani le-PH, izinga lokushisa, i-alkalinity, umthombo we-organic carbon, umoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe kanye nobudala be-sludge kanye nobudala be-sludge.

Ukusizakala ngasikhathi sinye / i-denitrizefication kwakukhona emgodini we-carrousel oxidation emgodini, kanye nokuqothuka komoya oshunqisayo phakathi kwe-oxidation oxidation axidation kancane kancane kwehle kancane, futhi umoya ophansi engxenyeni engezansi ye-carrousel oxidation ditch yayiphansi kunalokho engxenyeni engenhla. Ukwakheka kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamanani e-nitrate nitrogen engxenyeni ngayinye yesiteshi kucishe kuthambe, futhi ukugcwala kwe-ammonia nitrogen esiteshini kuhlala kuphansi kakhulu, okubonisa ukuthi ukusabela kwe-nitrification kanye nokudelela kwenzeka ngasikhathi sinye esiteshini se-carroudel oxidation channel.

Ucwaningo ekwelapheni indle yasekhaya kukhombisa ukuthi kuphakama i-codcring, kuqedwe ngokwengeziwe ukunqunyelwa kanye nokususwa kwe-TN. Umphumela we-oxygen echithiwe ekunikezelweni kwe-nitrification ngasikhathi sinye futhi ukudelelwa kukhulu. Lapho umoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe ulawulwa ku-0.5 ~ 2mg / l, umphumela ophelele we-nitrogen ukususwa muhle. Ngasikhathi sinye, indlela ye-nitrification and denitrication igcina i-reactor, isikhathi sokuphendula, inokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi, isindisa ukutshalwa kwezimali, futhi kulula ukugcina inani le-PH lizinze.

③Short-Range yokugaya kanye nokuchazwa

Ku-reactor efanayo, i-ammonia oxidizing bacteria isetshenziselwa i-ammonia ngaphansi kwezimo ze-aerobic, bese i-nitrite ichazwa ngokuqondile ukukhiqiza i-nitrogen ngento ye-organic noma umthombo wekhabhoni wangaphandle njengomnikeli we-elektroni ngaphansi kwezimo ze-hypoxia. Izici zethonya le-nitrierication emfushane ne-denitrication zingamazinga okushisa, ama-ammonia mahhala, i-PH VARE futhi ancibilikiswe umoya-mpilo.

Umphumela wokushisa kokuhlukaniswa kwamandla okukhucululwa kwendle kamasipala ngaphandle kwamanzi olwandle kanye nokukhucululwa kwendle komasipala ngamanzi olwandle angu-30%. Imiphumela yokuhlola ikhombisa ukuthi: Ukukhucululwa kwendle kamasipala ngaphandle kwamanzi olwandle, okwandisa izinga lokushisa kuyasiza ekuzuzeni i-nitrocation emfushane. Lapho isilinganiso samanzi olwandle ekukhuculiseni indle ezifuywayo yi-30%, ububanzi bezinhla ezifushane bungatholakala kangcono ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa eziphakathi. I-Delft University of Technology yathuthuka inqubo yeSharon, ukusetshenziswa kwamazinga okushisa aphezulu (cishe 30-4090) iyakwazi ukwanda kwamagciwane e-nitrite, ngakho-ke ngokulawula iminyaka ye-nitrite ukuqeda i-nitrite.

Kususelwa kumehluko wobumbano lwe-oxygen phakathi kwamagciwane ama-nitrite nama-bacterium we-nitrite, i-gent microbial ecology elebhu athuthukise inqubo ye-oland ukufeza ukunqwabelana kwe-nitrite nitrogen ngokususa amagciwane ancibilikisiwe ukuze aqede i-nitrite bacterial.

Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwendiza yokwelashwa kwamanzi adoki ama-wastewater nge-nitrieration emfushane kanye ne-denitrication show ukuthi lapho i-cod yethonya, i-ammonia nitrogen, i-ammonia nitrogen, i-tn ne-phenol ukugxila 197.1.14.2,181.5 no-0.4mg / L, ngokulandelana. Amanani okususwa okuhambisanayo ayengama-83.6%, 97.2%, 66,4% no-99.6%, ngokulandelana.

Inqubo ye-NitTrification Eness-Range and Denitrication ayihambi esigabeni seNitrate, ukonga umthombo wekhabhoni odingekayo ekususweni kwe-nitrogen. Inezinzuzo ezithile ze-ammonia nitrogen wachitha amanzi nge-C / N Ratio ephansi. I-NitTrification Emfushane ye-NitTrification and Denitrication inezinzuzo ze-sludge encane, isikhathi esifushane sokuphendula futhi ukonga ivolumu yokuphendula. Kodwa-ke, ukwakhiwa kwe-nitrication emfushane nokudifizwa okudinga ukunqwabelana okuzinzile nokuhlala njalo kwe-nitrite, ngakho-ke ukuthi ungavimbela kanjani umsebenzi wamagciwane ama-nitrousi.

④ Oxidation anaerobic ammonia oxidation

I-Anaerobic Ammoxidation iyinqubo yokuqamba i-oxidation ye-ammonia nitrogen ku-nitrogen ngamagciwane autotrophic ngaphansi kwesimo se-hypoxia, nge-nitrous nitrogen noma i-nitrogen ye-nitrogen noma i-nitrogen ye-elektroni.

Imiphumela yokushisa kanye ne-ph emsebenzini wezinto eziphilayo kwe-anamcox yafundwa. Imiphumela ikhombisile ukuthi izinga lokushisa elifanele lokuphendula laliyinani lama-30 ℃ nenani le-ph.8. Kungenzeka ukuthi i-Anaerobic Ammox reactor yokwelapha usawoti ophakeme kanye namanzi amdaka aphezulu we-nitrogen afundwa. Imiphumela ikhombisile ukuthi usawoti ophakeme wavimbela kakhulu umsebenzi we-anammox, futhi lokhu kuvinjelwe kwaguqulwa. Umsebenzi we-Anaerobic Ammox we-sludge ongahlatshezwanga wawungaphansi kwama-67,5% aphansi kunaleso se-sludge yokulawula ngaphansi kosawoti we-3g.l-1 (NAC1). Umsebenzi we-anammox we-sludge e-acclideged wawungama-45.1% aphansi kunalewo alawulwa. Lapho i-sludge ye-acclaged idluliselwe endaweni ephakeme kakhulu usawoti emvelweni ephansi yosawoti (akukho brine), umsebenzi we-Anaerobic Ammox unyuswe ngo-43.1%. Kodwa-ke, i-Reactor ithambekele ekusebenzeni lapho isebenza osandleni esikhulu isikhathi eside.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nenqubo yendabuko yemvelo, i-Anaerobic AMMOX ingubuchwepheshe be-nitrogen bokususwa kwezomnotho be-nitrogen abangenawo umthombo owengeziwe wekhabhoni, isidingo esiphansi se-oxygen, asikho isidingo se-reagents ukuze sizuze, kanye nokukhiqizwa okuncane kwe-sludge. Okubi kwe-Anaerobic Ammox ukuthi ijubane lokuphendula lihamba kancane, umqulu wokuphendula ukhulu, futhi umthombo wekhabhoni awuthandeki e-Anaerobic Ammox, okunokubaluleka okusebenzayo kokuxazulula i-Amonia Nitrogen Wallrogen.

Inqubo yokususa yokususa ne-adsorption nitrogen

① indlela yokuhlukanisa ye-membrane

Indlela yokuhlukanisa yeMembrane ukusebenzisa ukukhethwa okukhethiwe kolwelwesi lokuhlukanisa izingxenye ku-uketshezi, ukuze kufezeke injongo yokususwa kwe-ammonia nitrogen. Kufaka phakathi i-osmosis ehlekisayo, i-nanofiltration, deamanmoniating membrane kanye ne-electrodialysis. Izici ezithinta ukuhlukaniswa kukalwelwesi zingolwesimo se-membrane, ingcindezi noma i-voltage, ivelu ye-pH, izinga lokushisa kanye ne-ammonia nitrogen okuhlushwa.

Ngokwekhwalithi yamanzi e-ammonia nitrogen wachitha amanzi akhishwe yiRare Earth Smelter, ukuhlolwa okuphambukayo kwe-osmosis kwenziwa ne-NH4CC1 namanzi angcolile we-NH4C1 namaNaci Kutholakale ukuthi ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo, i-reverse osmosis inesilinganiso esiphakeme sokususa i-NACI, ngenkathi i-NHCL inezinga eliphakeme lokukhiqiza lamanzi. Izinga lokususa le-NH4C1 lingama-77.3% ngemuva kokwelashwa kwe-Osmosis okuguqukayo, okungasetshenziswa njengokuhlekisa kwe-ammonia nitrogen wastewater. Ukubuyela emuva kobuchwepheshe be-Osmosis kungagcina amandla, ukuqina okuhle okushisayo, kepha ukumelana kwe-chlorine, ukumelana nokungcola kumpofu.

Inqubo yokuhlukaniswa kwe-membrane ye-biofumical nanofiltation yasetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-landfill leachate, ngakho-ke ama-85% ~ 90% woketshezi oluvunyelwe akhishwa ngokuya ngezinga, futhi kuphela u-0% ~ 15% wethangi likadoti. Ozturki et al. Ukwelapha i-Landfill Floach ye-Odayeri eTurkey nge-nanofilltration membrane, kanye nesilinganiso sokususa i-ammonia nitrogen sasingaba ngu-72%. I-nanofiltration membrane idinga ingcindezi ephansi kune-Osmosis membrane reverse, kulula ukuyisebenzisa.

Uhlelo lwe-ammonia-selususa ulwelwesi luvame ukusetshenziswa ekwelashweni kwamanzi amdaka nge-ammonia nitrogen ephezulu. I-ammonia nitrogen emanzini inebhalansi elandelayo: NH4- + OH3 + NH3 + H2O ekusebenzeni, i-ammonia - i-wastewater igeleza egobolondweni lemodyuli ye-membrane, kanye ne-acid-uketshezi efungelwa yipayipi le-membrane module. Lapho i-PH ye-wastewater inyuka noma izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, ukulingana kuzoshintsha kwesokudla, kanye ne-ammonium ion NH4- iba yi-GASEOS NH3 yamahhala. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-Gaseous NH3 ingafaka isigaba soketshezi sokungena se-acid ku-pied kusuka esigabeni samanzi engcola egobolondo ebhokisini elingaphezulu kwe-microsore, elidonswa yi-ionic NH4-. Gcina i-PH yamanzi angcolile angenhla kwe-10, kanye namazinga okushisa angenhla kwama-35 ° C (ngaphansi kuka-50 ° C), ukuze i-NH4 esigabeni sase-Wastewater izoqhubeka nokufuduka kwesigaba sokutholwa. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukugcwala kwe-ammonia nitrogen ohlangothini lwamanzi angashayiswa khona kwehle ngokuqhubekayo. Isigaba se-accorption soud sount, ngoba kukhona kuphela i-acid ne-NH4-, amafomu usawoti omsulwa we-ammonium, futhi afinyelela okuhlushwa okuthile ngemuva kokusakazwa okuqhubekayo, okungavuselelwa kabusha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukusetshenziswa kwalobu buchwepheshe kungakuthuthukisa kakhulu isilinganiso sokususa i-ammonia nitrogen kuma-wastewater, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunganciphisa izindleko ezisebenzayo zokwelashwa kwamanzi.

Indlela ye-②Electrodialysis

I-Electrodialysis yindlela yokususa ama-solids ancibilikisiwe kusuka ezixazululweni zamanzi ezinamanzi ngokusebenzisa ugesi phakathi kwama-membrane ngababili. Ngaphansi kwesenzo sikagesi, ama-ammonia ion namanye ama-ion e-ammonia-nitrogen wachitha amanzi acetshiswa ngolwelwesi lwase-ammonia aqukethe amanzi agxile, ukuze afinyelele inhloso yokususwa.

Indlela ye-electrodialysis yayisetshenziselwa ukwelapha amanzi amdaka e-Inorganic ngokuhlushwa okuphezulu kwe-ammonia nitrogen futhi kwathola imiphumela emihle. Okwe-2000-3000mg / L ammonia nitrogen Wastewater, isilinganiso sokususa i-ammonia nitrogen singaba ngaphezu kwama-85%, futhi amanzi agxilisiwe i-ammonia angatholakala ngo-8.9%. Inani likagesi elidliwe ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-electrodialysis lilingana nenani le-ammonia nitrogen kumanzi angcolile. Ukwelashwa kwe-electrodialysis kwamanzi angcolile akunqunyelwe ngenani le-PH, izinga lokushisa kanye nengcindezi, futhi kulula ukusebenza.

Izinzuzo zokuhlukaniswa kwe-membrane zilulama kakhulu nge-ammonia nitrogen, ukusebenza okulula, umphumela wokwelashwa ezinzile futhi akukho ukungcoliswa kwesibili. Kodwa-ke, ekwelapheni ama-high-grandphonvenianianianianianiater arewater, ngaphandle kolwelwesi lwe-deammathed, amanye ama-membranes kulula ukukala nokugoqa, kanye nokuvuselelwa kabusha kanye nokwandisa izindleko zokwelashwa. Ngakho-ke, le ndlela ilungele kakhulu ukucacisa noma okuphansi-i-ammonia nitrogen wachitha amanzi.

③ ION Exchange indlela

I-ION Exchange indlela iyindlela yokususa i-ammonia nitrogen kusuka kumanzi wakwa-wastewas ngokusebenzisa izinto ezinama-adsorption aqinile ama-apromorpr of ammonia ion. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezisetshenziswayo zisetshenziswa i-carbon, i-zeolite, iMontmorillonite kanye nokushintshana kwe-resin. I-Zeolite uhlobo lwe-silico-alinal ngesakhiwo sendawo enezici ezintathu, isakhiwo esijwayelekile se-pore kanye nezimbobo, phakathi kwazo umtholampilo onama-calcorplite aqinile ama-admorption we-ammonia ion kanye nentengo ephansi, ngakho-ke kuvame ukusetshenziswa njengentengo ephansi ye-ammonia nitrogen wastewater in Engineering. Izici ezithinta umphumela wokwelashwa we-Cliniptilolite zifaka usayizi wezinhlayiyana, onethonya i-ammonia nitrogen ukugxila, isikhathi sokuxhumana, ivelu ye-PH nokunye.

Umphumela we-adsorption we-zeolite e-ammonia nitrogen usobala, ulandelwa yiRanite, kanye nomphumela wenhlabathi ne-ceramisite ampofu. Indlela esemqoka yokususa i-ammonia nitrogen kusuka kuZeolite yi-Ion Exchange, futhi umphumela we-adsorption obonakalayo mncane kakhulu. Umphumela we-Ion Exchange we-Ceramite, inhlabathi ne-ranite kuyafana nomphumela we-adsorption obonakalayo. Amandla we-adsorption wezihlambi ezine zehle ngokwanda kokushisa ohlwini lwe-15-35 ℃, futhi akhuphuke ngokunyuka kwenani le-PH ebangeni le-3-9. Ukulingana kwe-adsorption kwafinyelelwa ngemuva kwe-6h oscillation.

Kungenzeka ukuthi ukhiphe i-ammonia nitrogen kusuka ku-lallifill leachate nge-zeolite adsorption yafundwa. Imiphumela yokuhlola ikhombisa ukuthi i-gram ngayinye ye-zeolite inethuba elilinganiselwe le-adsorption le-15.5mg ammonia nitrogen, lapho usayizi we-zeolia i-ammonia ifinyelela ku-78.5%, akhuphuka usayizi we-ammonia nitrogen anethonya, aphakamisa i-adrorption Ukukala, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi iZeolite njenge-adsorbersent yokususa i-ammonia nitrogen kusuka ku-leachate. Ngasikhathi sinye, kuvezwa ukuthi izinga le-admonfia nitrogen lase-ammonia nguZeolite liphansi, futhi kunzima ukuthi uZealite afinyelele umthamo we-adporption ekusebenzeni okusebenzayo.

Umphumela wokususa wombhede we-baloolite we-nitrogen, ama-cod kanye nokunye ukungcoliswa kokuthuthwa kwendle okwenziwe ukuze kufundwe ukuthuthwa kwendle. Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi izinga lokususa le-ammonia nitrogen ngumbhede we-biolialoolite we-zeolite lingaphezu kwama-95%, futhi ukususwa kweNitrate Nitrogen kuthinteka kakhulu yisikhathi sokuhlala se-hydraulic.

Indlela ye-Ion Exchange inezinzuzo zokutshalwa kwezimali okuncane, inqubo elula, ukusebenza okulula, ukungasebenzi kobuthi kanye nokushisa, nokusebenzisa kabusha kweZeolite ngokuvuselelwa kabusha. Kodwa-ke, lapho belapha i-Ammonia Nitrogen Wandrogen Wastewater, i-Reveneration kaningi, okuletha ukungahambi kahle ekusebenzeni, ngakho-ke kudinga ukuhlanganiswa nezinye izindlela ze-ammonia nitrogen, noma zisetshenziselwa ukwelapha amanzi aphansi ahmonia nitrogen.

Umkhiqizi we-Wholesale 4a Zeolite Manzi kanye Umphakeli | I-everBright (cnchemist.com)