1.Iyini i-ammonia nitrogen?
I-ammonia nitrogen ibhekisela ku-ammonia ngendlela ye-ammonia yamahhala (noma i-non-ionic ammonia, NH3) noma i-ionic ammonia (NH4+).I-pH ephezulu kanye nenani eliphakeme le-ammonia yamahhala;Ngokuphambene nalokho, isilinganiso sikasawoti we-ammonium siphezulu.
I-ammonia nitrogen iyisakhi esisemanzini, esingaholela ekutheni amanzi eutrophication, futhi iyisingcolisi esikhulu esidla umoya-mpilo emanzini, esinobuthi ezinhlanzini nakwezinye izinto eziphilayo zasemanzini.
Umthelela omkhulu oyingozi we-ammonia nitrogen ezintweni eziphila emanzini i-ammonia yamahhala, ubuthi bayo bukhulu ngokuphindwe kaningi kunobukasawoti we-ammonium, futhi buyanda ngokwanda kwe-alkalinity.Ubuthi be-ammonia nitrogen buhlobene eduze nenani le-pH kanye nezinga lokushisa lamanzi lamanzi echibi, ngokuvamile, inani eliphakeme le-pH kanye nezinga lokushisa lamanzi, buqina ubuthi.
Izindlela ezimbili ezilinganiselwe zokuzwela ze-colorimetric ezivame ukusetshenziswa ukunquma i-ammonia indlela ye-Nessler reagent yakudala kanye nendlela ye-phenol-hypochlorite.Ama-Titration nezindlela zikagesi nazo zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukunquma i-ammonia;Uma okuqukethwe kwe-ammonia nitrogen kuphezulu, indlela ye-distillation titration ingasetshenziswa.(Amazinga kazwelonke ahlanganisa indlela ye-Nath's reagent, i-salicylic acid spectrophotometry, indlela ye-distillation - titration)
I-2.Inqubo yokususwa kwe-nitrogen ngokomzimba namakhemikhali
① Indlela yemvula yekhemikhali
Indlela ye-Chemical precipitation, eyaziwa nangokuthi indlela ye-MAP precipitation, iwukwengeza i-magnesium ne-phosphoric acid noma i-hydrogen phosphate emanzini angcolile aqukethe i-ammonia nitrogen, ukuze i-NH4+ emanzini angcolile ihlangane ne-Mg+ kanye ne-PO4- esixazululweni samanzi sokukhiqiza imvula ye-ammonium magnesium phosphate. , ifomula yamangqamuzana i-MgNH4P04.6H20, ukuze kufezwe injongo yokukhipha i-ammonia nitrogen.I-Magnesium ammonium phosphate, eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi i-struvite, ingasetshenziswa njengomquba, isithako senhlabathi noma iretadant yomlilo ekwakheni imikhiqizo yesakhiwo.I-reaction equation imi kanje:
Mg++ NH4 + + PO4 – = MgNH4P04
Izici eziyinhloko ezithinta umphumela wokwelapha wemvula yamakhemikhali inani le-pH, izinga lokushisa, ukugxiliswa kwe-ammonia nitrogen ne-molar ratio (n(Mg+) : n(NH4+) : n(P04-)).Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi uma inani le-pH liyi-10 kanye ne-molar ratio ye-magnesium, i-nitrogen ne-phosphorus ingu-1.2:1:1.2, umphumela wokwelapha uba ngcono.
Kusetshenziswa i-magnesium chloride ne-disodium hydrogen phosphate njengama-ejenti athela amanzi, imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi umphumela wokwelapha uba ngcono uma inani le-pH lingu-9.5 kanye nesilinganiso se-molar ye-magnesium, i-nitrogen ne-phosphorus ingu-1.2:1:1.
Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi i-MgC12+Na3PO4.12H20 iphakeme kunezinye izinhlanganisela ze-ejenti emvula.Uma inani le-pH lingu-10.0, izinga lokushisa lingu-30℃, n(Mg+) : n(NH4+) : n(P04-)= 1:1:1, ukugcwala kwe-ammonia nitrogen emanzini angcolile ngemva kokunyakaziswa imizuzu engama-30 kuyancishiswa. kusuka ku-222mg/L ngaphambi kokwelashwa kuya ku-17mg/L, kanti izinga lokususa lingama-92.3%.
Indlela yemvula yamakhemikhali kanye nendlela yolwelwesi oluwuketshezi kwahlanganiswa ukuze kuphathwe amanzi angcolile e-ammonia nitrogen ezimbonini.Ngaphansi kwezimo zokwenziwa kahle kwenqubo yemvula, izinga lokususwa kwe-ammonia nitrogen lafinyelela ku-98.1%, kwase kulandela ukwelashwa okwengeziwe ngendlela yefilimu ewuketshezi kwehlise ukugxiliswa kwe-ammonia nitrogen kuya ku-0.005g/L, kwafinyelela ezingeni likazwelonke lokukhishwa kwe-first class.
Umphumela wokususwa kwama-ion ensimbi e-divalent (Ni+, Mn+, Zn+, Cu+, Fe+) ngaphandle kwe-Mg+ ku-ammonia nitrogen ngaphansi kwesenzo se-phosphate uye waphenywa.Kuphakanyiswe inqubo entsha ye-CaSO4 precipitation-MAP ukuze kusetshenziswe amanzi angcolile e-ammonium sulfate.Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi isilawuli sendabuko se-NaOH singathathelwa indawo yi-lime.
Inzuzo yendlela yamakhemikhali yemvula ukuthi lapho ukugcwala kwamanzi angcolile e-ammonia nitrogen kuphezulu, ukusetshenziswa kwezinye izindlela kukhawulelwe, njengendlela yezinto eziphilayo, indlela ye-break point chlorination, indlela yokuhlukanisa ulwelwesi, indlela yokushintshanisa i-ion, njll. indlela yamakhemikhali yemvula ingasetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwangaphambili.Ukusebenza kahle kokususwa kwendlela yemvula yamakhemikhali kungcono, futhi akunqunyelwe izinga lokushisa, futhi ukusebenza kulula.Udaka olunamanzi oluqukethe i-magnesium ammonium phosphate lungasetshenziswa njengomanyolo oyinhlanganisela ukuze kubonakale ukusetshenziswa kukadoti, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise ingxenye yezindleko;Uma ingahlanganiswa namanye amabhizinisi ezimboni akhiqiza amanzi angcolile e-phosphate kanye namabhizinisi akhiqiza i-salt brine, angonga izindleko zemithi futhi enze kube lula ukusetshenziswa kwenani elikhulu.
Ububi bendlela yamakhemikhali yemvula ukuthi ngenxa yokuvinjelwa komkhiqizo wokuncibilika kwe-ammonium magnesium phosphate, ngemva kokuba i-ammonia nitrogen emanzini angcolile ifinyelela ekugxiliseni okuthile, umphumela wokususa awubonakali futhi izindleko zokufakwayo zanda kakhulu.Ngakho-ke, indlela yemvula yamakhemikhali kufanele isetshenziswe ngokuhambisana nezinye izindlela ezifanele ukwelashwa okuthuthukisiwe.Inani le-reagent esetshenzisiwe likhulu, i-sludge ekhiqizwayo inkulu, futhi izindleko zokwelashwa ziphezulu.Ukwethulwa kwama-ion e-chloride kanye ne-phosphorus esele ngesikhathi sokudotshwa kwamakhemikhali kungabangela kalula ukungcoliswa kwesibili.
I-Wholesale Aluminium Sulfate Manufacturer and Supplier |EVERBRIGHT (cnchemist.com)
I-Wholesale Dibasic Sodium Phosphate Umkhiqizi Nomhlinzeki |EVERBRIGHT (cnchemist.com)
②indlela yokuvula
Ukususwa kwe-ammonia nitrogen ngendlela yokufutha ukulungisa inani le-pH libe yi-alkaline, ukuze i-ion ye-ammonia emanzini angcolile iguqulelwe i-ammonia, ukuze ibe khona ikakhulukazi ngesimo se-ammonia yamahhala, bese i-ammonia yamahhala ikhishwa. wamanzi angcolile ngegesi ethwalayo, ukuze kufezwe inhloso yokukhipha i-ammonia nitrogen.Izici eziyinhloko ezithinta ukusebenza kahle kokuvunguza yi-pH value, izinga lokushisa, isilinganiso segesi-liquid, izinga lokugeleza kwegesi, ukugxila kokuqala njalonjalo.Njengamanje, indlela yokuphefumula isetshenziswa kakhulu ekwelapheni amanzi angcolile ane-ammonia nitrogen ephezulu.
Ukususwa kwe-ammonia nitrogen ekungcoleni kwemfucumfucu ngendlela yokufuthwa kwahlolisiswa.Kutholwe ukuthi izici ezibalulekile ezilawula ukusebenza kahle kokushaywa yizinga lokushisa, isilinganiso segesi noketshezi kanye nenani le-pH.Lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi lingaphezu kuka-2590, isilinganiso segesi-uketshezi silinganiselwa ku-3500, futhi i-pH icishe ibe ngu-10.5, izinga lokususa lingafinyelela ngaphezu kuka-90% ku-leachate yokulahla imfucumfucu ene-ammonia nitrogen concentration efinyelela ku-2000-4000mg/ L.Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi uma i-pH=11.5, izinga lokushisa lokuhlubula lingu-80cC futhi isikhathi sokukhumula singu-120min, izinga lokususwa kwe-ammonia nitrogen emanzini angcolile lingafinyelela ku-99.2%.
Ukusebenza kahle kokuphephuka kwamanzi angcolile e-ammonia nitrogen okugxilwe kakhulu kuye kwenziwa umbhoshongo ophephukayo.Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi ukusebenza kahle kokufutha kukhuphuke ngokunyuka kwenani le-pH.Uma sikhulu isilinganiso segesi-uketshezi, amandla okushayela e-ammonia stripping mass transfer iba makhulu, kanye nokusebenza kahle kokukhumula nakho kuyanda.
Ukususwa kwe-ammonia nitrogen ngendlela yokufutha kuyasebenza, kulula ukuyisebenzisa futhi kulula ukuyilawula.I-ammonia nitrogen eshaywayo ingasetshenziswa njengesithako esine-sulfuric acid, futhi imali ekhiqizwe ye-sulfuric acid ingasetshenziswa njengomanyolo.Indlela ye-Blow-off iwubuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhipheni i-nitrogen ngokomzimba namakhemikhali njengamanje.Kodwa-ke, indlela yokuphehla inobubi obuthile, njengokukalwa njalo embhoshongweni ophephetha umoya, ukusebenza kahle kokukhipha i-ammonia nitrogen ephansi ezingeni lokushisa eliphansi, kanye nokungcoliswa kwesibili okubangelwa igesi yokuqhunyiswa.Indlela yokuphehla ngokuvamile ihlanganiswa nezinye izindlela zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile e-ammonia nitrogen ukuze kucoliswe amanzi angcolile e-ammonia nitrogen agxile kakhulu.
③I-Break point chlorination
Indlela yokukhishwa kwe-ammonia nge-break point chlorination iwukuthi igesi ye-chlorine ihlangana ne-ammonia ukukhiqiza igesi ye-nitrogen engenabungozi, futhi i-N2 ibalekela emkhathini, okwenza umthombo wokusabela uqhubeke uye kwesokudla.Ifomula yokusabela ithi:
HOCl NH4 + + 1.5 – > 0.5 N2 H20 H++ Cl – 1.5 + 2.5 + 1.5)
Lapho igesi ye-chlorine idluliselwa emanzini angcolile ifike endaweni ethile, okuqukethwe kwe-chlorine yamahhala emanzini kuphansi, futhi ukuhlushwa kwe-ammonia kungu-zero.Lapho inani legesi le-chlorine lidlula iphuzu, inani le-chlorine yamahhala emanzini lizokhula, ngakho-ke, iphuzu libizwa ngokuthi i-break point, futhi i-chlorination kulesi simo ibizwa ngokuthi i-break point chlorination.
Indlela ye-break point chlorination isetshenziselwa ukwelapha amanzi angcolile okumba ngemva kokuvunguza kwe-ammonia nitrogen, futhi umphumela wokwelapha uthintwa ngokuqondile inqubo yokupheshulwa kwe-ammonia nitrogen ngaphambili.Uma u-70% we-ammonia nitrogen emanzini angcolile esuswa ngokuvuthela bese ephathwa nge-break point chlorination, ukugcwala kwe-ammonia nitrogen emanzini angcolile kungaphansi kuka-15mg/L.UZhang Shengli et al.ithathe amanzi angcolile e-ammonia nitrogen anesisindo esingu-100mg/L njengento yocwaningo, futhi imiphumela yocwaningo yabonisa ukuthi izici eziyinhloko nesesibili ezithinta ukukhishwa kwe-ammonia nitrogen nge-oxidation ye-sodium hypochlorite kwakuyinani lesilinganiso se-chlorine ne-ammonia nitrogen, isikhathi sokuphendula, kanye nenani le-pH.
Indlela ye-breakpoint chlorination inekhono eliphezulu lokususa i-nitrogen, izinga lokususa lingafinyelela ku-100%, futhi ukugxiliswa kwe-ammonia emanzini angcolile kungancishiswa ku-zero.Umphumela uzinzile futhi awuthintwa izinga lokushisa;Imishini yokutshala imali encane, impendulo esheshayo nephelele;Inomphumela wokuvala inzalo kanye nokubulala amagciwane emzimbeni wamanzi.Ububanzi bokusetshenziswa kwendlela ye-break point chlorination ukuthi ukugcwala kwamanzi angcolile e-ammonia nitrogen kungaphansi kuka-40mg/L, ngakho indlela ye-break point chlorination isetshenziswa kakhulu ekwelashweni okuthuthukisiwe kwamanzi angcolile e-ammonia nitrogen.Isidingo sokusetshenziswa okuphephile nokugcinwa siphezulu, izindleko zokwelashwa ziphezulu, futhi imikhiqizo ephuma ku-chloramine kanye ne-organic chlorinated izodala ukungcola kwesibili.
④indlela ye-catalytic oxidation
Indlela ye-Catalytic oxidation iwukusebenza kwe-catalyst, ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa elithile nokucindezela, ngokusebenzisa i-air oxidation, i-organic matter kanye ne-ammonia endle ingafakwa i-oxidized futhi iboliswe ibe izinto ezingenabungozi njenge-CO2, N2 ne-H2O, ukuze kuzuzwe inhloso yokuhlanza.
Izici ezithinta umphumela we-catalytic oxidation yizici ze-catalyst, izinga lokushisa, isikhathi sokuphendula, inani le-pH, ukugxila kwe-ammonia nitrogen, ingcindezi, amandla ashukumisayo nokunye.
Inqubo yokuwohloka kwe-ozonated ammonia nitrogen yacwaningwa.Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi lapho inani le-pH likhuphuka, uhlobo lwe-HO radical olunamandla oksijidi aqinile lwakhiqizwa, futhi izinga le-oxidation lashesha kakhulu.Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi i-ozone ingakwazi ukufaka i-ammonia nitrogen ku-nitrite kanye ne-nitrite ku-nitrate.Ukuqoqwa kwe-ammonia nitrogen emanzini kuncipha ngokwanda kwesikhathi, futhi izinga lokususwa kwe-ammonia nitrogen licishe libe ngama-82%.I-CuO-Mn02-Ce02 isetshenziswe njengesisusa esiyinhlanganisela ukwelapha amanzi angcolile e-ammonia nitrogen.Imiphumela yokuhlola ibonisa ukuthi umsebenzi we-oxidation we-catalyst eyinhlanganisela esanda kulungiswa uthuthukiswa kakhulu, futhi izimo zenqubo ezifanele zingu-255℃, 4.2MPa kanye ne-pH=10.8.Ekwelapheni amanzi angcolile e-ammonia nitrogen ane-concentration yokuqala engu-1023mg/L, izinga lokususwa kwe-ammonia nitrogen lingafinyelela ku-98% phakathi kwemizuzu eyi-150, lifinyelele izinga lokuphuma kwesibili likazwelonke (50mg/L).
Ukusebenza okunamandla kwe-zeolite okusekelwe i-TiO2 photocatalyst kwaphenywa ngokutadisha izinga lokuwohloka kwe-ammonia nitrogen kusixazululo se-sulfuric acid.Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi umthamo ophelele we-Ti02/ zeolite photocatalyst ngu-1.5g/L futhi isikhathi sokusabela siyi-4h ngaphansi kwemisebe ye-ultraviolet.Izinga lokususwa kwe-ammonia nitrogen emanzini angcolile lingafinyelela ku-98.92%.Umphumela wokususwa kwe-iron ephezulu ne-nano-chin dioxide ngaphansi kokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet ku-phenol ne-ammonia nitrogen yacwaningwa.Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi izinga lokususwa kwe-ammonia nitrogen lingama-97.5% uma i-pH=9.0 isetshenziswa kwisixazululo se-ammonia nitrogen nge-concentration ye-50mg/L, engu-7.8% kanye no-22.5% ephakeme kunaleyo ye-iron ephezulu noma i-China dioxide kuphela.
Indlela ye-Catalytic oxidation inezinzuzo zokusebenza kahle kokuhlanza okuphezulu, inqubo elula, indawo encane engaphansi, njll., futhi ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwelapha amanzi angcolile e-ammonia nitrogen agxile kakhulu.Ubunzima besicelo ukuthi ungakuvimbela kanjani ukulahleka kwe-catalyst kanye nokuvikelwa kokugqwala kwemishini.
⑤indlela ye-electrochemical oxidation
Indlela ye-Electrochemical oxidation ibhekisela endleleni yokukhipha ukungcola emanzini ngokusebenzisa i-electrooxidation enomsebenzi we-catalytic.Izinto ezinomthelela ukuminyana kwamanje, izinga lokugeleza kwe-inlet, isikhathi sokuphuma kanye nesikhathi sesixazululo sephoyinti.
I-electrochemical oxidation yamanzi angcolile e-ammonia-nitrogen kuseli elijikelezayo le-electrolytic yacwaningwa, lapho okuhle kungugesi wenethiwekhi we-Ti/Ru02-TiO2-Ir02-SnO2 futhi okungekuhle kungugesi wenethiwekhi ye-Ti.Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi lapho i-chloride ion concentration ingu-400mg/L, i-ammonia nitrogen concentration yokuqala ingu-40mg/L, izinga lokugeleza elinamandla lingu-600mL/min, ukuminyana kwamanje ngu-20mA/cm, kanti isikhathi se-electrolytic singama-90min, i-ammonia. izinga lokususwa kwe-nitrogen lingama-99.37%.Kubonisa ukuthi i-electrolytic oxidation yamanzi angcolile e-ammonia-nitrogen inethuba elihle lokusetshenziswa.
3. Inqubo yokususwa kwe-nitrogen ye-biochemical
① yonke i-nitrification kanye ne-denitrification
I-nitrification yenqubo yonke kanye ne-denitrification uhlobo lwendlela yebhayoloji ebisetshenziswa kabanzi isikhathi eside njengamanje.Iguqula i-ammonia nitrogen emanzini angcolile ibe i-nitrogen ngokusebenzisa uchungechunge lokusabela okufana ne-nitrification kanye ne-denitrification ngaphansi kwesenzo samagciwane ahlukahlukene, ukuze kuzuzwe inhloso yokuhlanza amanzi angcolile.Inqubo ye-nitrification kanye ne-denitrification ukuze kukhishwe i-ammonia nitrogen idinga ukudlula izigaba ezimbili:
Ukusabela kwe-nitrification: Ukusabela kwe-nitrification kuqedwa ama-aerobic autotrophic microorganisms.Esimeni se-aerobic, i-nitrogen ye-inorganic isetshenziswa njengomthombo we-nitrogen ukuguqula i-NH4+ ibe yi-NO2-, bese i-oxidized ibe yi-NO3-.Inqubo ye-nitrification ingahlukaniswa izigaba ezimbili.Esigabeni sesibili, i-nitrite iguqulwa ibe yi-nitrate (NO3-) ngamabhaktheriya afaka i-nitrifying, futhi i-nitrite iguqulwa ibe yi-nitrate (NO3-) ngamabhaktheriya e-nitrifying.
Ukusabela kwe-Denitrification: Ukusabela kwe-Denitrification inqubo lapho amabhaktheriya aphikayo ehlisa i-nitrite nitrogen ne-nitrate nitrogen ibe yi-gaseous nitrogen (N2) esimweni se-hypoxia.Amabhaktheriya e-Denitrifying angama-heterotrophic microorganisms, iningi lawo elingamabhaktheriya amphictic.Esimeni se-hypoxia, basebenzisa umoya-mpilo ku-nitrate njengokwamukela i-electron kanye ne-organic matter (ingxenye ye-BOD emanzini angcolile) njengomnikezeli we-electron ukunikeza amandla futhi i-oxidized futhi iqiniswe.
Inqubo yonke yezinhlelo zokusebenza zobunjiniyela be-nitrification kanye ne-denitrification ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa i-AO, i-A2O, umsele we-oxidation, njll., okuyindlela evuthiwe esetshenziswa embonini yokukhipha i-nitrogen yebhayoloji.
Yonke indlela ye-nitrification kanye ne-denitrification inezinzuzo zomphumela ozinzile, ukusebenza okulula, akukho ukungcola kwesibili kanye nezindleko eziphansi.Le ndlela futhi inezinye izithiyo, ezifana nomthombo wekhabhoni kufanele wengezwe lapho isilinganiso se-C/N emanzini angcolile siphansi, imfuneko yokushisa iqinile, ukusebenza kahle kuphansi ekushiseni okuphansi, indawo inkulu, isidingo somoya-mpilo. inkulu, futhi ezinye izinto eziyingozi ezifana ne-iron metal esindayo zinomthelela ocindezelayo kuma-microorganisms, okudingeka asuswe ngaphambi kokuba indlela yebhayoloji yenziwe.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugcwala okuphezulu kwe-ammonia nitrogen emanzini angcolile nakho kunomphumela ovimbela inqubo yokufaka i-nitrification.Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa kusengaphambili kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile e-ammonia nitrogen agxile kakhulu ukuze ukugcwala kwamanzi angcolile e-ammonia nitrogen kube ngaphansi kuka-500mg/L.Indlela yendabuko yezinto eziphilayo ilungele ukwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile e-ammonia nitrogen okuhlushwa aphansi aqukethe izinto eziphilayo, njengamanzi asekhaya, amanzi angcolile amakhemikhali, njll.
②I-nitrification kanye ne-denitrification ngasikhathi sinye (SND)
Uma i-nitrification kanye ne-denitrification yenziwa ndawonye ku-reactor efanayo, kubizwa ngokuthi i-unitrification digestion denitrification (SND).I-oksijini encibilikisiwe emanzini angcolile inqunyelwe izinga lokusabalalisa ukuze kukhiqizwe i-oxygen gradient encibilikisiwe endaweni ezungezile ku-microbial floc noma i-biofilm, okwenza ukuthambekela komoya-mpilo okuncibilikisiwe endaweni engaphandle ye-microbial floc noma i-biofilm ihambisane nokukhula nokusakazeka. amagciwane e-aerobic nitrifying kanye namagciwane ammoniating.Ukujula ku-floc noma ulwelwesi, kuyancipha ukugcwala komoyampilo oncibilikile, okuholela endaweni ene-anoxic lapho amagciwane aphikisayo ebusa khona.Ngakho kwakha kanyekanye inqubo denitrification.Izinto ezithinta ukugayeka kokudla ngesikhathi esisodwa kanye nokukhishwa kwe-denitrification inani le-PH, izinga lokushisa, i-alkalinity, umthombo wekhabhoni ephilayo, umoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe kanye nobudala bodaka.
I-nitrification/denitrification ngasikhathi sinye yayikhona emgodini we-Carrousel oxidation, futhi ukuhlangana komoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe phakathi kwe-aerated oxidation emgodini we-Carrousel oxidation kwehla kancane kancane, futhi umoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe engxenyeni engezansi ye-Carrousel oxidation umsele wawuphansi kunaleyo engxenyeni engenhla. .Ukwakheka kanye namazinga okusetshenziswa kwe-nitrate nitrogen engxenyeni ngayinye yesiteshi acishe alingane, futhi ukugcwala kwe-ammonia nitrogen esiteshini kuhlala kuphansi kakhulu, okubonisa ukuthi ukusabela kwe-nitrification kanye ne-denitrification kwenzeka ngesikhathi esisodwa esiteshini se-Carrousel oxidation.
Ucwaningo mayelana nokwelashwa kwendle yasekhaya lubonisa ukuthi uma i-CODCr iphezulu, yilapho i-denitrification iphelela khona futhi kuba ngcono nokukhishwa kwe-TN.Umthelela we-oxygen encibilikisiwe ku-nitrification kanye ne-denitrification muhle kakhulu.Uma i-oxygen encibilikisiwe ilawulwa ku-0.5~2mg/L, umphumela ophelele wokususwa kwe-nitrogen muhle.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, indlela ye-nitrification ne-denitrification isindisa i-reactor, ifinyeza isikhathi sokuphendula, isebenzisa amandla aphansi, ilondoloza utshalomali, futhi kulula ukugcina inani le-pH lizinzile.
③Ukugaya kwebanga elifushane kanye ne-denitrification
Ku-reactor efanayo, amagciwane e-ammonia oxidizing asetshenziselwa ukwenza i-ammonia ibe yi-nitrite ngaphansi kwezimo ze-aerobic, bese i-nitrite iphikiswa ngokuqondile ukukhiqiza i-nitrogen enento ephilayo noma umthombo wekhabhoni wangaphandle njengomnikezeli we-electron ngaphansi kwezimo ze-hypoxia.Izinto ezinomthelela we-nitrification yebanga elifushane kanye ne-denitrification izinga lokushisa, i-ammonia yamahhala, inani le-pH nomoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe.
Umthelela wezinga lokushisa ekufakweni kwe-nitrification yebanga elifushane lendle kamasipala ngaphandle kwamanzi olwandle kanye nendle kamasipala enamanzi olwandle angama-30%.Imiphumela yokuhlolwa ikhombisa ukuthi: emapayipini endle kamasipala angenawo amanzi olwandle, ukukhulisa izinga lokushisa kuyasiza ekufezeni i-nitrification yebanga elifushane.Lapho ingxenye yamanzi olwandle emanzini angcolile asekhaya ingu-30%, i-nitrification yebanga elifushane ingafinyelelwa kangcono ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa ezimaphakathi.I-Delft University of Technology ithuthukise inqubo ye-SHARON, ukusetshenziswa kokushisa okuphezulu (mayelana ne-30-4090) kuhambisana nokwanda kwamagciwane e-nitrite, ukuze amabhaktheriya e-nitrite alahlekelwe ukuncintisana, kuyilapho ngokulawula iminyaka ye-sludge ukuqeda amagciwane e-nitrite, ukuthi ukusabela kwe-nitrification esigabeni se-nitrite.
Ngokusekelwe kumehluko wokuhlangana komoyampilo phakathi kwamagciwane e-nitrite namagciwane e-nitrite, i-Gent Microbial Ecology Laboratory ithuthukise inqubo ye-OLAND ukuze kuzuzwe ukunqwabelana kwe-nitrite nitrogen ngokulawula umoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe ukuze kuqedwe amagciwane e-nitrite.
Imiphumela yokuhlola yokuhlola yokwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile okuphekwa ngokufaka i-nitrification yebanga elifushane kanye ne-denitrification ibonisa ukuthi lapho i-COD enamandla, i-ammonia nitrogen, i-TN kanye ne-phenol ukugxila ku-1201.6,510.4,540.1 kanye no-110.4mg/L, isilinganiso esijwayelekile samanzi e-COD, i-ammonia nitrogen ,Ukugxila kwe-TN kanye ne-phenol kungu-197.1,14.2,181.5 kanye no-0.4mg/L, ngokulandelana.Amazinga okususwa ahambisanayo ayengama-83.6%, 97.2%, 66.4% kanye nama-99.6%, ngokulandelana.
Inqubo ye-nitrification yebanga elifushane kanye ne-denitrification ayidluli esigabeni se-nitrate, ilondoloza umthombo wekhabhoni odingekayo ukuze kukhishwe i-nitrogen yebhayoloji.Inezinzuzo ezithile zamanzi angcolile e-ammonia nitrogen anesilinganiso esiphansi se-C/N.I-nitrification yebanga elifushane kanye ne-denitrification inezinzuzo zodaka oluncane, isikhathi esifushane sokusabela kanye nokugcina ivolumu ye-reactor.Kodwa-ke, i-nitrification yebanga elifushane kanye ne-denitrification idinga ukuqoqwa okuzinzile nokuhlala njalo kwe-nitrite, ngakho-ke indlela yokuvimbela ngempumelelo umsebenzi we-nitrifying bacteria iba ukhiye.
④ I-Anaerobic ammonia oxidation
I-Anaerobic ammoxidation iyinqubo yokufakwa kwe-oxidation eqondile ye-ammonia nitrogen ibe yi-nitrogen ngamabhaktheriya e-autotrophic ngaphansi kwesimo se-hypoxia, ene-nitrous nitrogen noma i-nitrojeni ye-nitrous njengokwamukela i-electron.
Imiphumela yezinga lokushisa kanye ne-PH emsebenzini webhayoloji we-anammoX yafundwa.Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa elilungile lokusabela lalingu-30 ℃ futhi inani le-pH lalingu-7.8.Ukuba nokwenzeka kwe-anaerobic ammoX reactor ekwelapheni usawoti omningi kanye nokugxilwa okuphezulu kwamanzi angcolile e-nitrogen kuye kwacwaningwa.Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi usawoti omningi wawuvimbela kakhulu umsebenzi we-anammoX, futhi lokhu kuvinjelwa kwabuyiselwa emuva.Umsebenzi we-anaerobic ammox wodaka olungajwayelekile wawungaphansi ngo-67.5% kunodaka lokulawula ngaphansi kosawoti ongu-30g.L-1(NaC1).Umsebenzi we-anammoX we-sludge ejwayele ukwehla ngo-45.1% kunalowo wokulawula.Lapho udaka olujwayele ukudluliselwa lusuka endaweni enosawoti omningi luyiswa endaweni enosawoti omncane (okungenawo amanzi anosawoti), umsebenzi we-anaerobic ammoX wanda ngo-43.1%.Kodwa-ke, i-reactor ijwayele ukwehla uma isebenza kusawoti omningi isikhathi eside.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nenqubo evamile yebhayoloji, i-anaerobic ammoX iwubuchwepheshe bokukhipha initrogen yebhayoloji ukonga kakhudlwana obungenawo umthombo wekhabhoni owengeziwe, isidingo esiphansi somoya-mpilo, asikho isidingo sokuthi izisetshenziswa zisebenze zibe lula, kanye nokukhiqizwa okuncane kodaka.Ububi be-anaerobic ammox ukuthi ijubane lokusabela lihamba kancane, umthamo we-reactor mkhulu, futhi umthombo wekhabhoni awuhambisani ne-anaerobic amMOX, enokubaluleka okungokoqobo ekuxazululeni amanzi angcolile e-ammonia nitrogen anokonakala kwezinto eziphilayo.
4.ukuhlukanisa kanye nenqubo yokususa i-nitrogen ye-adsorption
① indlela yokuhlukanisa ulwelwesi
Indlela yokuhlukanisa i-Membrane iwukusebenzisa ukungena okukhethiwe kolwelwesi ukuze ukhethe ngokukhetha izingxenye ezikuketshezi, ukuze kufezwe inhloso yokukhishwa kwe-ammonia nitrogen.Kubandakanya i-osmosis eguquguqukayo, i-nanofiltration, ulwelwesi lwe-deammoniating kanye ne-electrodialysis.Izinto ezithinta ukuhlukaniswa kolwelwesi yizici ze-membrane, ingcindezi noma i-voltage, inani le-pH, izinga lokushisa kanye nokugxila kwe-ammonia nitrogen.
Ngokwezinga lamanzi lamanzi angcolile e-ammonia nitrogen akhishwa isincibilikisi somhlaba esingandile, ukuhlolwa kwe-osmosis okuhlanekezelwe kwenziwa nge-NH4C1 kanye ne-NaCI elingisa amanzi angcolile.Kwatholakala ukuthi ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo, i-osmosis ehlehlayo inezinga eliphezulu lokususwa kwe-NaCI, kuyilapho i-NHCl inezinga eliphezulu lokukhiqiza amanzi.Izinga lokususwa kwe-NH4C1 lingama-77.3% ngemva kokwelashwa kwe-osmosis ehlehlayo, engasetshenziswa njengokwelashwa kwangaphambili kwamanzi angcolile e-ammonia nitrogen.Ubuchwepheshe be-osmosis obuhlanekezelwe bungasindisa amandla, ukuzinza okuhle kokushisa, kodwa ukumelana ne-chlorine, ukumelana nokungcola kubi.
Inqubo yokuhlukanisa ulwelwesi lwe-biochemical nanofiltration yasetshenziswa ukwelapha i-leachate yokulahla indle, ukuze u-85% ~90% woketshezi oluvuzayo lukhishwe ngokwezinga, futhi u-0% ~ 15% kuphela woketshezi olugxilile lwendle nodaka olubuyiselwe endaweni. ithangi likadoti.Ozturki et al.iphathe i-leachate ye-landfill yase-Odayeri eTurkey ngolwelwesi lwe-nanofiltration, futhi izinga lokususwa kwe-ammonia nitrogen lalicishe libe ngu-72%.I-Nanofiltration membrane idinga ingcindezi ephansi kune-reverse osmosis membrane, ukusebenza kalula.
Uhlelo lolwelwesi olukhipha i-ammonia luvame ukusetshenziswa ekwelapheni amanzi angcolile nge-ammonia nitrogen ephezulu.I-ammonia nitrogen emanzini inobhalansi elandelayo: NH4- +OH-= NH3+H2O iyasebenza, amanzi angcolile ane-ammonia ageleza egobolondweni lemojula yolwelwesi, futhi uketshezi olumunca i-asidi lugeleza epayipini lolwelwesi. imojula.Lapho i-PH yamanzi angcolile inyuka noma izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, ukulingana kuzoshintshela kwesokudla, futhi i-ammonium ion NH4- iba igesi yamahhala engu-NH3.Ngalesi sikhathi, i-NH3 enegesi ingangena esigabeni sokumuncwa kwe-asidi epayipini kusukela esigabeni samanzi angcolile egobolondweni ngokusebenzisa ama-micropores ebusweni be-fiber engenalutho, emuncwa isixazululo se-asidi futhi ngokushesha iba ionic NH4-.Gcina i-PH yamanzi angcolile ingaphezu kuka-10, kanye nezinga lokushisa lingaphezu kuka-35 ° C (ngaphansi kuka-50 ° C), ukuze i-NH4 esigabeni samanzi angcolile iqhubeke ibe yi-NH3 ekufudukeni kwesigaba soketshezi lokumuncwa.Ngenxa yalokho, ukugcwala kwe-ammonia nitrogen ohlangothini lwamanzi angcolile kwehla ngokuqhubekayo.Isigaba soketshezi lokumuncwa kwe-asidi, ngoba kukhona i-asidi ne-NH4- kuphela, sakha usawoti we-ammonium omsulwa kakhulu, futhi sifinyelela ekugxiliseni okuthile ngemva kokujikeleza okuqhubekayo, okungagaywa kabusha.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukusetshenziswa kwalobu buchwepheshe kungathuthukisa kakhulu izinga lokususwa kwe-ammonia nitrogen emanzini angcolile, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunganciphisa izindleko zokusebenza eziphelele zohlelo lokuhlanza amanzi angcolile.
②indlela ye-electrodialysis
I-Electrodialysis iyindlela yokukhipha izinto eziqinile ezincibilikisiwe ezixazululweni ezinamanzi ngokusebenzisa i-voltage phakathi kwamapheya olwelwesi.Ngaphansi kwesenzo se-voltage, ama-ion e-ammonia namanye ama-ion emanzini angcolile e-ammonia-nitrogen anothiswa ngolwelwesi lwamanzi agcwele i-ammonia, ukuze kufezwe inhloso yokususwa.
Indlela ye-electrodialysis yasetshenziswa ukwelapha amanzi angcolile angaphili nge-ammonia nitrogen ephezulu futhi yazuza imiphumela emihle.Ngamanzi angcolile e-ammonia nitrogen angu-2000-3000mg/L, izinga lokususwa kwe-ammonia nitrogen lingaba ngaphezu kwama-85%, kanti amanzi e-ammonia agxilile angatholakala ngo-8.9%.Inani likagesi elisetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-electrodialysis lilingana nenani le-ammonia nitrogen emanzini angcolile.Ukwelashwa kwe-Electrodialysis kwamanzi angcolile akunqunyelwe inani le-pH, izinga lokushisa nokucindezela, futhi kulula ukusebenza.
Izinzuzo zokuhlukaniswa kolwelwesi ukululama okuphezulu kwe-ammonia nitrogen, ukusebenza okulula, umphumela wokwelapha ozinzile futhi akukho ukungcola kwesibili.Kodwa-ke, ekwelapheni amanzi angcolile e-ammonia nitrogen ane-concentrate ephezulu, ngaphandle kwe-deammoniated membrane, amanye ama-membrane kulula ukukala futhi avale, futhi ukuvuselelwa kabusha nokugeza emuva kuvame, okwandisa izindleko zokwelashwa.Ngakho-ke, le ndlela ifaneleka kakhulu emanzini angcolile e-ammonia nitrogen ane-concentration ephansi.
③ Indlela yokushintshanisa ion
Indlela yokushintshanisa i-Ion iyindlela yokukhipha i-ammonia nitrogen emanzini angcolile ngokusebenzisa izinto ezine-adsorption eqinile ekhethiwe yama-ion ammonia.Izinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ze-adsorption yi-activated carbon, i-zeolite, i-montmorillonite kanye ne-resin yokushintshanisa.I-Zeolite iwuhlobo lwe-silico-aluminate ene-spatial structure enezinhlangothi ezintathu, ukwakheka kwezimbotshana ezivamile nezimbobo, phakathi kwayo i-clinoptilolite inomthamo oqinile wokukhangisa wama-ion ammonia kanye nenani eliphansi, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa njenge-adsorption material yamanzi angcolile e-ammonia nitrogen. kwezobunjiniyela.Izici ezithinta umphumela wokwelapha we-clinoptilolite zifaka usayizi wezinhlayiyana, ukugxila kwe-ammonia nitrogen enamandla, isikhathi sokuxhumana, inani le-pH nokunye.
Umphumela wokukhangisa we-zeolite ku-ammonia nitrogen uyabonakala, ulandelwa yi-ranite, futhi umphumela womhlabathi ne-ceramisite mubi.Indlela eyinhloko yokususa i-ammonia nitrogen ku-zeolite ukushintshaniswa kwe-ion, futhi umphumela wokukhangisa ngokomzimba mncane kakhulu.Umthelela wokushintshaniswa kwe-ion we-ceramite, inhlabathi ne-ranite ufana nomthelela obonakalayo we-adsorption.Umthamo we-adsorption wama-filler amane ehla ngokunyuka kwezinga lokushisa ebangeni elingu-15-35℃, futhi anda ngokunyuka kwevelu ye-pH ebangeni lika-3-9.Ukulinganisa kwe-adsorption kufinyelelwe ngemva kokuzulazula okungamahora angu-6.
Ukuba nokwenzeka kokukhipha i-ammonia nitrogen ku-leachate yokulahla imfucumfucu nge-adsorption ye-zeolite kwacwaningwa.Imiphumela yokuhlola ibonisa ukuthi igramu ngayinye ye-zeolite inamandla okukhangayo alinganiselwe we-15.5mg ammonia nitrogen, lapho usayizi wezinhlayiyana ze-zeolite ingu-30-16 mesh, izinga lokususwa kwe-ammonia nitrogen lifinyelela ku-78.5%, futhi ngaphansi kwesikhathi esifanayo sokukhangisa, umthamo kanye usayizi wezinhlayiyana ze-zeolite, lapho ukuphakama kwe-ammonia nitrogen enomthelela phezulu, izinga le-adsorption liphezulu, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi i-zeolite njenge-adsorbent ikhiphe i-ammonia nitrogen ku-leachate.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuboniswa ukuthi izinga lokukhangisa le-ammonia nitrogen nge-zeolite liphansi, futhi kunzima ku-zeolite ukufinyelela umthamo we-saturation adsorption ekusebenzeni okungokoqobo.
Umthelela wokususwa kombhede we-zeolite webhayoloji ku-nitrogen, i-COD nezinye izinto ezingcolisa indle ekulingiseni indle yasemakhaya yacwaningwa.Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi izinga lokususwa kwe-ammonia nitrogen ngombhede we-zeolite we-biological lingaphezu kuka-95%, futhi ukususwa kwe-nitrate nitrogen kuthinteka kakhulu isikhathi sokuhlala se-hydraulic.
Indlela yokushintshanisa i-ion inezinzuzo zokutshalwa kwezimali okuncane, inqubo elula, ukusebenza okulula, ukungezwani nobuthi nezinga lokushisa, kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha kwe-zeolite ngokuvuselela.Kodwa-ke, lapho ukwelapha amanzi angcolile e-ammonia nitrogen ane-concentrate ephezulu, ukuvuselelwa kuvame ukuvela, okuletha ukuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni, ngakho-ke kudinga ukuhlanganiswa nezinye izindlela zokwelashwa kwe-ammonia nitrogen, noma kusetshenziselwe ukwelapha amanzi angcolile e-ammonia nitrogen.
I-Wholesale 4A Umkhiqizi kanye Nomhlinzeki we-Zeolite |EVERBRIGHT (cnchemist.com)
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-10-2024
