Umphumela wokusetshenziswa kwe-PAC ekwelashweni kwamanzi kwesikhungo samandla ashisayo

1. Ukwelashwa kwangaphambili kwamanzi okwenza-up

Imizimba yamanzi yemvelo ivame ukuqukatha udaka, ubumba, umquba kanye nezinye izinto ezimisiwe kanye nokungcola kwe-colloidal namagciwane, isikhunta, ulwelwe, amagciwane kanye nezinye izinambuzane ezincane, zinokuzinza okuthile emanzini, kuyimbangela eyinhloko yokungcola kwamanzi, umbala kanye nephunga.Lezi zinto ze-organic ezeqile zingena kusishintshi se-ion, zingcolise inhlaka, zinciphise amandla okushintshanisa inhlaka, futhi zithinte ngisho nekhwalithi yokungcola yesistimu yokukhipha usawoti.Ukwelashwa kwe-coagulation, ukucaciswa kokuxazululwa kanye nokwelashwa kokuhlunga ukukhipha lokhu kungcola njengenhloso eyinhloko, ukuze okuqukethwe kwendaba emisiwe emanzini kuncishiswe kube ngaphansi kuka-5mg / L, okungukuthi, ukuthola amanzi acacisiwe.Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukulungiswa kwamanzi.Ngemuva kokwelashwa, amanzi angasetshenziswa njengamanzi abhayela kuphela lapho ama-salts ancibilikisiwe emanzini esuswa ngokushintshaniswa kwe-ion futhi amagesi ancibilikisiwe emanzini asuswa ngokufudumeza noma ukucofa noma ukufutha.Uma lokhu kungcola kungasuswa kuqala, ukwelashwa okulandelayo (i-desalting) akukwazi ukwenziwa.Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa kwe-coagulation yamanzi kuyisixhumanisi esibalulekile enkambisweni yokwelashwa kwamanzi.

Inqubo yokwelashwa kwangaphambili kwesizinda samandla ashisayo imi kanje: amanzi aluhlaza → ukujiya → imvula nokucacisa → ukuhlunga.Ama-coagulant avame ukusetshenziswa enqubweni yokuhlanganisa i-polyaluminium chloride, i-polyferric sulfate, i-aluminium sulfate, i-ferric trichloride, njll. Okulandelayo ikakhulukazi kwethula ukusetshenziswa kwe-polyaluminium chloride.

I-Polyaluminium chloride, ebizwa ngokuthi i-PAC, isekelwe ku-aluminium umlotha noma amaminerali e-aluminium njengezinto zokusetshenziswa, ekushiseni okuphezulu kanye nokucindezela okuthile nge-alkali ne-aluminium reaction ekhiqizwa i-polymer, izinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza ihlukile, ukucaciswa komkhiqizo akufani.Ifomula yemolekyuli ye-PAC [Al2(OH)nCI6-n]m, lapho u-n angaba noma iyiphi inombolo ephakathi kuka-1 no-5, futhi m iyinombolo ephelele yeqoqo 10. I-PAC iza ngazo zombili izinhlobo eziqinile neziwuketshezi.

2.Umshini wokuhlanganisa

Kunemiphumela emithathu eyinhloko yama-coagulant ezinhlayiyeni ze-colloidal emanzini: ukungathathi hlangothi kukagesi, i-adsorption bridging kanye nokushanela.Iyiphi kule miphumela emithathu eyinhloko incike ohlotsheni kanye nesilinganiso se-coagulant, imvelo nokuqukethwe kwezinhlayiya ze-colloidal emanzini, kanye nenani le-pH lamanzi.Indlela yokusebenza ye-polyaluminium chloride ifana neye-aluminium sulfate, futhi ukuziphatha kwe-aluminium sulfate emanzini kubhekisela enqubweni ye-Al3+ yokukhiqiza izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-hydrolyzed.

I-Polyaluminium chloride ingathathwa njengemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene emaphakathi ohlelweni lwe-hydrolysis kanye ne-polymerization ye-aluminium chloride ibe yi-Al(OH)3 ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile.Itholakala ngokuqondile emanzini ngendlela yezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-polymeric kanye ne-A1(OH)a(s), ngaphandle kwenqubo ye-hydrolysis ye-Al3+.

3. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo kanye nezinomthelela

1. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi linethonya elisobala kumphumela wokwelapha we-coagulation.Lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi liphansi, i-hydrolysis ye-coagulant inzima kakhulu, ikakhulukazi lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi lingaphansi kuka-5 ℃, izinga le-hydrolysis lihamba kancane, futhi i-flocculant eyakhiwe inesakhiwo esixekethile, okuqukethwe kwamanzi amaningi kanye nezinhlayiya ezinhle.Lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi liphansi, ukuxazululwa kwezinhlayiya ze-colloidal kuyathuthukiswa, isikhathi se-flocculation side, futhi izinga le-sedimentation lihamba kancane.Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa lamanzi lika-25 ~ 30 ℃ lifaneleka kakhulu.

2. Inani le-pH lamanzi

Inqubo ye-hydrolysis ye-polyaluminium chloride iyinqubo yokukhululwa okuqhubekayo kwe-H+.Ngakho-ke, ngaphansi kwezimo ze-pH ezihlukene, kuzoba nezimaphakathi ezihlukene ze-hydrolysis, futhi inani le-pH elingcono kakhulu lokwelashwa kwe-polyaluminium chloride coagulation ngokuvamile liphakathi kuka-6.5 no-7.5.Umphumela we-coagulation uphezulu ngalesi sikhathi.

3. Umthamo we-coagulant

Uma inani le-coagulant elengeziwe linganele, i-turbidity esele emanzini okuphuma inkulu.Uma inani likhulu kakhulu, ngenxa yokuthi izinhlayiya ze-colloidal emanzini zikhanga i-coagulant eyeqile, indawo yokushaja yezinhlayiya ze-colloidal iyashintsha, okuholela ekukhuphukeni kwe-turbidity okusele emanzini angcolile kuyanda futhi.Inqubo ye-coagulation ayiyona indlela yokusabela kwamakhemikhali elula, ngakho-ke umthamo odingekayo awukwazi ukunqunywa ngokuvumelana nesibalo, kodwa kufanele unqunywe ngokuya ngekhwalithi ethile yamanzi ukuze kunqunywe umthamo ofanele;Lapho izinga lamanzi lishintsha ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka, umthamo kufanele ulungiswe ngokufanele.

4. Oxhumana naye

Enqubweni yokwelashwa kwe-coagulation noma okunye ukwelashwa kwemvula, uma kukhona inani elithile lengqimba yodaka emanzini, umphumela wokwelashwa kwe-coagulation ungathuthukiswa kakhulu.Inganikeza indawo enkulu, ngokusebenzisa i-adsorption, i-catalysis kanye ne-crystallization core, ithuthukise umphumela wokwelashwa kwe-coagulation.

I-coagulation precipitation iyindlela esetshenziswa kakhulu yokwelapha amanzi njengamanje.Imboni ye-Polyaluminium chloride isetshenziswa njenge-flocculant yokwelapha amanzi, ngokusebenza kahle kwe-coagulant, i-floc enkulu, umthamo omncane, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, imvula esheshayo, ububanzi bohlelo lokusebenza nezinye izinzuzo, uma kuqhathaniswa nomthamo we-flocculant wendabuko ungancishiswa ngo-1/3~1 /2, izindleko zingagcinwa 40%.Kuhlanganiswe nokusebenza kwesihlungi esingena-valve nesihlungi sekhabhoni esicushiwe, ukuxubha kwamanzi aluhlaza kuncipha kakhulu, izinga lokungcolile lohlelo lukasawoti liyathuthukiswa, namandla okushintshana eresin kasawoti nawo ayakhuphuka, nezindleko zokusebenza ziyancipha.