Umphumela wohlelo lokusebenza lwe-PAC ekukweleni kwamanzi ngesitshalo samandla we-thermal

1. Ukwelashwa kwangaphambili kwamanzi okwenziwa

Izidumbu zamanzi zemvelo zivame ukuqukatha udaka, ubumba, humus kanye nezinye izinto ezimisiwe kanye nokungcola kwe-colloidal kanye namagciwane, amagciwane, ama-algae, yimbangela enkulu yokulungisa amanzi, umbala nephunga. Lezi zinto eziphilayo ngokweqile zifaka i-Ion Exchanger, zingcolise i-Resin, zinciphise umthamo wokushintshanisa we-resin, futhi zithinte nekhwalithi esebenzayo yohlelo lokuncibilikisa. Ukwelashwa ngokuhlangana, ukucaciswa kokuqothuka kanye nokwelashwa kwe-fieltration ukususa lokhu kungcola njengenhloso esemqoka, ukuze okuqukethwe okususiwe emanzini kuncishiswa kungaphansi kwamanzi angama-5M / l, okungukuthi, ukucacisa amanzi. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukwenziwa kwamanzi. Ngemuva kokuhlekisa, amanzi angasetshenziswa njengamanzi e-boiler kuphela lapho usawoti ocibilikile emanzini asuswa yi-Ion Exchange namagesi ancibilikile emanzini asuswa ngokushisa noma ukuvalwa noma ukushaya. Uma lokhu kungcola kungasuswa kuqala, ukwelashwa okulandelayo (ukuncipha) akunakwenziwa. Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa kwamanzi kuyisixhumanisi esibalulekile kwinqubo yokwelashwa kwamanzi.

Inqubo yokuhlekisa yesitshalo samandla afudumele kanjena: amanzi avundwayo → ukugeleza → ukucaciswa kwezulu nokucaciswa → filtration. Ama-coagulants asetshenziswa kakhulu kwinqubo yokuhlangana yi-polyaluminum chloride, i-polyferc a sulfate, i-aluminic sulfate, i-trichloride ye-Ferric, njll. Okulandelayo kwethula ukusetshenziswa kwe-polyaluminum chloride.

I-Polyaluminum Chloride, okubhekiselwa kuyo njenge-PAC, isuselwa ku-Aluminium Ash noma amaminerali e-aluminium njenge-polymer evuthiwe, ukusabela okuphezulu kwe-ALkala akhiqize i-polymer, imininingwane yomkhiqizo ahlukile, imininingwane yomkhiqizo ayifani. Ifomula ye-Molecular ye-PAC [Al2 (oh) NCI6-N] m, lapho i-N ingaba yingxenye phakathi kuka-1 no-5, futhi m yingxenye ye-Cluster 10. I-PAC iza ngezindlela eziqinile neziwuketshezi.

I-2.Coogation Mechanism

Kunemiphumela emithathu eyinhloko yama-coabulants kuma-colloidal izinhlayiya emanzini: ukungathathi hlangothi kukagesi, ukubopha ama-adsortion nokushanela. Yimiphi kule miphumela emithathu eyinhloko incike ngohlobo kanye nomthamo wobumbano, uhlobo kanye nokuqukethwe kwezinhlayiya ezihlanganayo emanzini, nenani lamanzi. Indlela yokwenza i-polyaluminum chloride ifana neye-aluminium sulfate, kanye nokuziphatha kwe-aluminium sulfate emanzini kubhekisela kwinqubo ye-Al3 + ekhiqiza izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-hydrolyzed zohlobo.

I-polyaluminum chloride ingabhekwa njengemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene ephakathi nendawo kwinqubo ye-hydrolysis kanye ne-polymerization ye-aluminium chloride ku-al (oh) 3 ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Ikhona ngokuqondile emanzini ngendlela yezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-polymeric ne-A1 (oh) a (s), ngaphandle kwenqubo ye-hydrolysis ye-al3 +.

3. Izici kanye nethonya izici

1. Ukushisa kwamanzi

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi linethonya elisobala ekuphathweni kokwelashwa kokuhlangana. Lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi liphansi, i-hydrolysis ye-coagulant inzima ngokwengeziwe, ikakhulukazi lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi liphansi kune-5 ℃, isilinganiso se-hydrolysis sihamba kancane, futhi i-flocculant yakhiwa inesakhiwo esivulekile, okuqukethwe kwamanzi okuphezulu nezinhlayiyana ezinhle. Lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi liphansi, i-ilmoll yezinhlayiya ze-colloidal iyathuthukiswa, isikhathi sokufakelwa selude, futhi izinga lokudonsela phansi lihamba kancane. Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa lamanzi lakwa-25 ~ 30 ℃ lifanelekile kakhulu.

2 Inani lamanzi

Inqubo ye-hydrolysis ye-polyaluminum chloride iyinqubo yokukhishwa okuqhubekayo kwe-H +. Ngakho-ke, ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukahlukene ze-PH, kuzoba nezimpawu ezahlukahlukene ze-hydrolysis, kanye nenani elihle kakhulu le-PH ye-polyaluminum chloride ukwelashwa ngokuvamile ukwelashwa ngokuvamile kuphakathi kuka-6.5 no-7.5. Umphumela wokuhlangana uphakeme ngalesi sikhathi.

3. Umthamo we-coabulant

Lapho inani lama-coagulant angeziwe alwanele, ukulungiswa okusele kumanzi okukhipha kukhulu. Lapho inani likhulu kakhulu, ngoba izinhlayiya ze-colloidal ku-adsorb yamanzi ngokweqile, impahla ekhokhiswayo yezinhlayiya ze-colloidal iyashintsha, okuholele ekuhlutjwe kwe-rubidial e-affaent kukhuphuka futhi. Inqubo yokubheja akuyona ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okulula, ngakho-ke umthamo odingekayo awukwazi ukunqunywa ngokuya ngokubalwa, kepha kufanele anqunywe ngokuya ngekhwalithi ethile yamanzi ukuthola umthamo ofanele; Lapho ikhwalithi yamanzi ishintsha ngokolunye uhlangothi, umthamo kufanele uguqulwe ngokufanele.

4. Oxhumana Nami

Esezinhlelweni zokwelashwa ngokubabaza noma kwenye ukwelashwa kwemvula, uma kunenani elithile lodaka emanzini, umphumela wokwelashwa ngokubabaza kungathuthukiswa kakhulu. Inganikeza indawo enkulu engaphezulu, ngokusebenzisa i-adsorption, i-catalysis kanye ne-crystallization Core, ithuthukise umphumela wokwelashwa ngokubabaza.

Imvula yokubumbana yindlela esetshenziswa kabanzi yokwelashwa kwamanzi njengamanje. Imboni ye-polyaluminum Chloride isetshenziswa njenge-flocculant yokwelashwa kwamanzi, ngokusebenza okuhle kwamatshe, i-floc enkulu, umthamo omncane, ukushesha kwendalo, uma kunesimo somqondo osheshayo, kuqhathaniswa neminye imithamo, kuqhathaniswa nezindleko kungagcinwa ku-40%. Kuhlanganiswe nokusebenza kwesihlungi esingenasivuno kanye nesihlungi sekhabhoni esenziwe kuncishiswe kakhulu, ikhwalithi ye-effaent yohlelo lwe-dessult ithuthukiswa, futhi umthamo wokushintshana we-result resin uyanda, futhi izindleko zokushintshana zincishisiwe.